Nogo Railroad

Case Summary: NoGo Railroad Dave Keller a chief dispatcher with limited managerial experience has gotten a major promotion, making him the communication manager of the division. However this promotion has come with numerous problems. Because of NoGo Railroads unique operations it has had little to no competition and no compelling reason to modernize operations, but that is about to change as Dave has been given the mandate to observe different job functions, eliminate obsolete practices and modernize wherever possible.With rumors running rampant through the organization of layoffs and job function changes, as well as previous failed attempts to implement other job changes similar to what management is again trying to implement, Dave realizes that he has a few problems ahead of him. With key problems being cutting employee costs and morale problems brought about by blatant nepotism and feather bedding, Dave believes that by eliminating these issues it would prevent major layoff for cl erks and telegraph operators.Both groups however would have to accept changes that would result in reduced compensation and possibly additional responsibilities for them all. With a firm backing from a Union that is known to be rigid against concessions in these areas Dave needs help from upper management that seems to not be forth coming. Coupled with his uncertainty about resistance action that may be taken by the group Dave is feeling vulnerable and apprehensive about his new job and is questioning the intent behind his promotion. Questions and Task Assignment 1.Identify and explain the changes you would make to the current employment arrangement? Sean Murray & Kemoy Miller 2. What strategies would you put in place to effectively manage the change? Explain the relationship between these strategies and the possible resistance to the changes. – Racheal Callaghan & Aundre Hamilton 3. Using the case as a reference point, explain the importance of change/change management, and discuss its relationship to effective organization management and performance. – Asha-Gaye Graham & David Rogers.Question 1: Changes to the Employment Arrangement (Insert answer here) Question 2: Resistance to Change and Management Strategies The inability of people to adapt to change is not new. Employees are not always receptive to change due to a combination of factors. Management may mitigate against high levels of change resistance by taking these factors into consideration and designing and implementing strategies to deal with issues that may arise. Some factors to consider are as follows: 1. Self Interest- Employees tend to resist a change they believe conflicts with their self-interests.A proposed change in job design, structure or technology may increase an employee’s workload, for example, or cause a real or perceived loss of power, prestige, pay or benefits. (Daft, 2012) This factor seems evident in the case of NoGo Railroads as a key source of disgruntlemen t for employees was the rumor that they may have to assume responsibilities outside of their job descriptions without an increase in compensation, as well as a general reduction of benefits with the changes in the contractual pay agreement. . Lack of Understanding or Trust- Employees often distrust the intentions behind a change or do not understand the intended purpose of a change. (Daft, 2012) Information about the changes that were to be implemented was far from free flowing and easily accessible. Instead rumors, whether true or untrue took main precedent and resulted in increased levels of distrust as employees were not fully aware of the reasons for the need for change and the actions that were to take place at NoGo. 3.Uncertainty- Uncertainty is a lack of information about future events and represents a fear of the unknown. It is especially threatening for employees who have a low tolerance for change and a fear of anything outside of the ordinary. They do not know how a chang e will affect them and worry about whether they will be able to meet the demands of a new procedure or technology. (Daft, 2012) Poor access to good information lead to low trust levels of trust and also uncertainty which only increased NoGo’s employees’ resistance to change. . Different Assessment and Goals- Another reason for resistance in change is that people who will be affected by a change or innovation may access the situation differently from an idea champion i. e. in individual or group leading the change movement. (Daft, 2012) In response to these factors one may choose to either conduct a force field analysis of the situation, which involves â€Å"weighing† the driving forces (problems or motivations that provide motivation for change) against the restraining forces (various barriers to change).Another approach would be to adopt specific tactics to overcome resistance depending on the main factors causing the resistance. Some strategies include: * Comm unication and education, which essentially is the attempt to overcome uncertainty and lack of understanding by providing free flowing access to accurate and clear information about the change and its results. * Participation, which involves including stakeholders of the change into the change process in order to have them understand and commit to the change. Negotiation, or the use of formal bargaining to win acceptance and approval for a desired change * Coercion, and the use of formal powers by managers to force the change on employees * And finally, top management support, that sees top executives reinforcing the importance of innovation both verbally and symbolically which signals to employees that the changes is important for the entire organization. In the case of NoGo the most effective strategies would be a combination of four of the specific tactics, namely Communication and education, participation, negotiation and top management support.Communication and education would b e used to tackle the issues of distrust and uncertainty. By clearly informing employees of the objectives of the exercise, outlining the actions that are to take place and the benefits of these actions, all employees will be on the same page and dialogue that would ensue between management and the employees could be used to provide clarification and reassurance to employees where necessary, reducing the chances of conflict. After educating employees on the change that is to take place having them participate in the change would be the next step. By including them in the ecision making where necessary would mean they would be more vested in the project and less likely to reject something they helped build. Because of the role of the unions in employee affairs negotiations would be a must as a part of NoGo’s change implementation process, especially in regards to the pay contract. By coming to a mutually acceptable decision, conflicts are exceedingly avoidable. Finally after wo rking to get employees vested in the change process it is important to now reinforce the importance of the drive for this change by top management showing their support for the initiative.This would assure employees that this process is indeed an organizational wide one, and everyone is vested in the effort and its challenges and successes. Question 3: Change Management and Effective Organizational Management NOGO Railroad has experienced little to no competition over the years. A need for change was identified by Dave Keller the Communications. Change Management will modify and transform the organization so as to facilitate efficiency and performance.Change is crucial to an organization’s survival, as it allows the organization to survive in a dynamic environment. Change is important as it allows an organization to able to be flexible and develop/maintain an organic structure. To achieve this NOGO Railroad will need to conduct an Organizational Development intervention. This intervention will include activities such as: team building, inter-group educational and training, structural, interpersonal, coaching and career planning and organizational transformation.With these activities the culture and structure of the organization will change in such a way, which will improve the productivity of the organization, lower absenteeism, increase loyalty, lower human resource cost with the added implementation and enforcement of proper human resource policies. Reference Daft, R. (2012). New Era of Management. 10th Edition. South- Western: Cengage Learning. Hayes. J,(2002) The Theory and Practice of Change Management. MacMillian Holbeche. L,(2006) Understanding Change: Theory, Implementation and Success. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Example Sentences of the Verb Bring for ESL Learners

This page provides example sentences of the verb bring in all tenses in English. Study examples of positive and negative sentences, as well as questions. Make sure   Infinitive: To Bring Use the infinitive form to bring when combining with verbs that take infinitives as an object: She hopes to bring that up at the meeting. Base Form: bring Use the base form bring together with helping verbs in the present simple, past simple, and future simple: Do you usually bring your homework to class?They didnt bring any news of the situation.They wont bring anything to eat. Past Simple: brought Use the past simple brought in positive sentences with the past simple: Peter brought his racket last weekend.   Past Participle: brought Use the past participle brought in past, present, and future perfect forms: Hes brought a number of friends to the party. They hadnt brought anything to eat, so they went out.She will have brought enough food for everyone. Present Participle: bringing Use the present participle, or ing form, for present, past, and future continuous tenses, as well as for all perfect continuous tenses: Shes bringing the drinks tonight.Tom was bringing up the idea when she interrupted him.They have been bringing a lot of new information to the discussion. Each of these forms is used with different tenses. Bring is an irregular verb and should be memorized.   Present Simple She often brings friends to work.How often do they bring their children to work?Peter doesnt usually bring anything for lunch. Present Continuous Mary is bringing Jack to the party. Why are they bringing up that topic?We arent bringing our friends to the show.   Present Perfect I havent brought much food today.How much money have they brought to the table?She hasnt brought any homework with her. Present Perfect Continuous She has been bringing her friends along for years.How long have you been bringing up that topic?They havent been bringing much to our potluck lately. Past Simple Alice brought a new friend to the party.When did you bring that subject up with him?She didnt bring any luggage with her last weekend. Past Continuous I was bringing out the present when she burst into the room.What were you bringing up when he interrupted you?He wasnt bringing about any change when they let him go. Past Perfect The others had brought the food before they arrived.How many books had you brought to the study session?She hadnt brought up that topic until you mentioned it.   Past Perfect Continuous She had been bringing different friends to work for years before her boss told her to stop.How long had they been bringing their lunch to work before they started eating in the cafeteria?She hadnt been bringing many friends around when he asked her to stop bringing anyone.   Future (Will) Janice will bring the dessert.What will you bring to the party?She wont bring that up at the meeting.   Future (Going to) I am going to bring the drinks to the party.When are you going to bring your friends around for a visit?They arent going to bring her instrument to the concert.   Future Continuous This time next week we will be bringing about a number of changes.What will you be bringing up at the next meeting?She wont be bringing anything to eat, so were going out.   Future Perfect They will have brought enough food by six oclock.How many times will you have brought a dessert by the end of the year?We wont have brought enough steaks, so Ill go shopping. To continue learning, make sure you study other irregular verbs and practice using a variety of tenses. Continue your focus on irregular verbs and practice using a variety of tenses. Continue your focus on bring with the following quiz. Bring Quiz Use the verb bring in the correct tense in the sentences below: I __________  the cake to the party before he arrived.We  __________  the product out twenty years ago.Who  __________ the wine to the party?I think Tom  __________ his girlfriend to the party, but Im not sure.Alex always  __________  work home with him.She ______________ up the topic when he rudely interrupted.They  __________  many friends to dinner since they moved here two years ago.Susan ____________ a few friends over before I arrived.She  __________ the list right now. Dont worry.My neighbor  _______ up a few topics at the meeting last week.   Answers: had broughtbroughtwill bring/is going to bringwill bringbringswas bringinghave brought  had brought  is bringingbrought

Prostitution, The Act Of Prostitution - 1324 Words

Prostitution, the act of â€Å"providing or receiving sexual acts, between a prostitute and a client, in exchange for money or some other form of remuneration† (Hock 557). The idea of exchanging sex for valuables has been seen since the beginning of human society; the first reported data about prostitution was reported around 3000 B.C.E in one of the first known civilizations, Mesopotamia (Caraboi and Fierbinteanu 362). Also, prostitution is often referred to as â€Å"the world’s oldest profession.† Today, even though prostitution is illegal in most parts of the world, it is still prevalent worldwide with many different types of prostitutes and different ways to exchange sexual services for payment. An example of a type of prostitute is brothel workers; brothel workers work in â€Å"a house of prostitution,† a brothel, which are normally in areas where prostitution is not criminalized (Hock 560). Like prostitution, human trafficking has been around for thousands of years and is still present today. The United Nations on Drug and Crime (UNODC) is the international agency that handles issues about human trafficking and other organized crimes. The UNODC defines human trafficking â€Å"as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, or fraud, or deception† (â€Å"What is Human Trafficking?†). The transatlantic slave trade is an example of human trafficking; slave traders transported millionsShow MoreRelatedProstitution And The Act Of Prostitution1401 Words   |  6 Pagesoldest profession,† also known as prostitution, is considered a grey area in morality (Thiroux). Prostitution is defined as selling oneself or one’s talents for base purpose (Agnes). Contrary to popular belief, there are plenty of arguments for prostitution and the act of prostitution becoming legal. Coinciding with popular belief, there are more arguments against the act of pros titution being legalized. While some consider the act of prostitution to be an immoral act others will consider it a victimlessRead MoreProstitution Is The Act Of Selling1409 Words   |  6 Pagesof a person for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of either person† (Prostitution Laws of Nevada, 2009). Prostitution is the act of selling the sex either personally (selling oneself) or with the use of an organization (ie a brothel where an owner rents rooms and prostitutes for a timed use based on an entry fee or a pimp selling another human for the sexual use of others). Prostitution is a hot topic that sparks controversy wherever it goes either by sparking moral indignationRead MoreProstitution Prevention And Prevention Act1560 Words   |  7 Pagesto Thailand’s weak government. The combination of widespread corruption among government officials and the lack of enforcement of laws concerning the Thai sex industry has lead to the prominence of human s ex trafficking. The 1996 Prostitution Prevention and Prevention Act was implemented to punish pimps, procurers, brothel owners and customers, however; this law and many others designed to protect victims of human sex trafficking are poorly enforced. (Gugic,2014365). This lack of enforcement allowsRead MoreChild Prostitution As An Illegal Act2029 Words   |  9 PagesAcross the world each day, there are hundreds of cases of children unwillingly partaking in prostitution. In 2002, research by Willis and Levy stated, Child Prostitution involves offering the sexual services of a child or inducing a child to perform sexual acts for any form of compensation, financial or otherwise. (Willis Levy 2002) Children who encounter such sexual activities under the age of eighteen are considered children, and is seen as illegal. Individuals who are older than eighteen areRead MoreProstitution Is The Act Of Sexual Services3065 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract Prostitution is the act of sexual relations for money in exchange for any other type of favor. Prostitution in America can be traced back to the 18th century during the American Revolution. It is estimated that prostitution brings in an annual revenue of $100 billion. Since its inception prostitution has been a problem due to the fact that it is possible to spread STD s or STI s through the process. Prostitution has proven to be a health risk not only to those who seek the services ofRead MoreExploring The Features Of Prostitution And Other Sex Acts3515 Words   |  15 Pagesrelated to human trafficking, as the physical and mental consequences of the victims unbalance communities and create chaos in the social layers. Specifically, prostitution considered the most exposed facet of sex trafficking (which also includes pornography, exotic dancing, stripping, live sex shows, mail-order brides, military prostitution, and sexual tourism), is often linked to criminal behavior, including petty crime and drug-related activities. Worldwide, the majority of victims are women andRead MoreProstitution Is The Act Of Trading Sex For Some Form Of Profit1954 Words   |  8 Pages Prostitution has been practiced for thousands of years. It is believed to be the world’s oldest profession. Its beginning in ancient Mesopotamia began a somewhat morally disturbing practice that has flourished in the shadows of every civilization through time (Fanni, 2014). Recently, governments have chosen to overlook the morality of this act by making it legal in various countries. America has begun to discuss the pros and cons of allowing such a commonly despised and misunderstood professionRead MoreProstitution is common lewdness for hire, the act or practice of a woman who permits a man who will800 Words   |  4 PagesProstitution is common lewdness for hire, the act or practice of a woman who permits a man who will pay her price to have sexual intercourse with her. It is a universal phenomenon with moral, social, cultural, psychological, medical, and other aspects. Although male prostitution is also found, that involving males exclusively is best considered as part of the general problem of HOMOSEXUALITY. History. Social attitudes toward prostitution have changed through the ages and go on changing. It is difficultRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1555 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Prostitution Prostitutes are people of multiple backgrounds and of either gender who make the decision to participate in sex acts for profit in a business-like setting. I support the legalization of prostitution because I believe that legalized prostitution will be a benefit of society. Once legalized, prostitution can provide many benefits to the participants of the business. Prostitution can provide a benefit of the economy in most places, and provide safe business practices andRead MoreThe Current Status Of Prostitution Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesResearch on Prostitution Phillip Walton CRIM/ECON 355 Dr. Richard Lotspeich November 14, 2016 Abstract This paper will examine the current status of prostitution as an illegal act and the market it generates; then show what effect legalizing prostitution would have on the prostitution market. Prostitution has a very large market that if legalized could be used as a source of revenue for governments through the form of taxes. So the focus will include how the prostitution market is generated, what

Essay on Lady Macbeth - 1109 Words

Throughout the tragedy of Macbeth we observe two people on their attempt to gain power and glory through various foul actions. It can be argued that Lady Macbeth is the one responsible for triggering a slippage into this inevitable situation that led to their descent. From the moment Macbeth became aware of his â€Å"fate† Lady Macbeth started forming her own imaginary world in which her evil plans seemed likely to be effective. The thought of she and her husband being royalty makes her dismiss rationality and while being immersed in her corrupt intentions, she bares a great influence on Macbeth himself. During the play her personality is being subjected to a gradual and deteriorating transformation which leads to her demise. This essay will†¦show more content†¦She is also referring to her as â€Å"this little hand (V. I. 43-44). Given this, we can help but to wonder how she comes up with such evil plans and how all these dark thoughts like the following go through her head. I have given suck, and know How tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this. (I.VII.54-59). The appearance of blood during the play signifies the existence of guilt embraced by Lady Macbeth’s vulnerable nature. Her first encounter with blood was while she was sleepwalking when she noticed a spot of blood on her hands â€Å"Out, damned spot out, I say†. (V. I. 33). This spot of blood proves to her that she would have to live with the guilt forever and is a proof of her action towards which she, before committing, kept an indifferent position. â€Å"Here’s the smell of blood still. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand† The smell of blood cannot be ignored by Lady Macbeth. In fact, she is aware that no matter what occurs it is always going to be there reminding her of the murder. 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Before the murder of Duncan, she is more naà ¯ve and pure compared to after the murder of King Duncan, where she starts the road to insanity and nervousness. At the very start of the play during Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth have a very close relationship and they would tell each other anything. At the start of the scene, Lady Macbeth is reading a letter from her husband, Macbeth. Within the letter Macbeth tells her a lot of

Analysis of Women in the Military Essay Example For Students

Analysis of Women in the Military Essay Women have been compared to the frailty and beauty of ripe apricots in modern poetry; the reference could be construed as sexual. However, in spite of their frailty and beauty, women have served in combat positions in one capacity or another since the beginning of the United States, long before the establishment of the Army Nurse Corps in 1901. Many women willingly entered the pits of battle, disguised as men and using male names in past wars. With growing numbers of women in the military and their roles in Desert Storm, the Persian Gulf War, Somalia, and Bosnia, there is increasing interest regarding their full integration and future role in combat. There are still US military women who strive to be allowed to serve their country in other capacities during war time since the first deployment of women on combat ships in 1995. Most people have trust in their armed services to protect and uphold the ideals in which their country was founded. Allowing women to enter the armed forces represented the ideal that everyone should have equal opportunities to pursue happiness. Within this silver lining there is the contention by some that in letting women serve, especially in a direct combat role, we are defeating the primary purpose of the military: to protect our mother country. This view could be considered to fall in unison with the ancient double standard that women are the weaker gender. But what is combat specifically? Combat is about being exhausted, hungry, and living in the mud for long periods without access to clean water for drinking or bathing. Its about long periods of boredom interrupted by violent interludes of jolting fear, mingled with the agonizing cries of wounded, and the piercing sound of artillery. Its about the flesh burning stench from napalm or watching as fellow comrades gasp a last brea th. Its about extreme discomfort and random degrees of emotion coursing through your being with no way out. Women in military specialties that are closer to the action would result in the likelihood of their becoming casualties just like men. Does this relevant factor elude those who want to be in combat? During Desert Storm five women were killed by hostile action, while two were held captive. Some women in the military maintain that service in combat means more promotions for them; thereby attracting more women to the service. Has combat been reduced to an opportunity? Does this contingency sound similar to the propaganda and glorification of war arranged to intrigue the naive into conflict? Surveys claim that some military women do not think of war as such. A 1992 survey concerning differences among Army personnel found that only 12 percent of Army enlisted women would volunteer for combat arms if it were at all possible. Critics claim physical standards for combat training are at risk and will be compromised if women are allowed into combat positions. Physical standards are critically important in such occupations as the infantry and in special operations units. There is contention regarding the disruption of the militarys mission when female troops allowed in combat become pregnant. It is thought by some, the relationships that would inevitably develop would induce new and greater risk for men who acted differently in combat toward females than they do toward males. Homosexuality in the military offers additional biased credence to this theory. But the most damaging instance is thought to be the devastating impact on the morale, team cohesion, and fighting spirit within the armed forces. Combat is known to be a team activity which regiments soldiers. Some women may indeed be as physically and mentally capable as men to perform combat duties, but what matters more in combat is not so much individual ability as teamwork. It is presumed the presence of women in combat would disrupt the basic teamwork that makes a difference between victory and defeat or life and death on the battlefield. .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 , .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 .postImageUrl , .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 , .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9:hover , .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9:visited , .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9:active { border:0!important; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9:active , .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9 .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7d4f0a65f714f116c1ba90c5b0b983a9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homeless EssayAnd finally, there is the rising of the old argument that female soldiers will be taken prisoner and sexually abused by enemy forces. Major Rhonda Cornum who was taken prisoner by Iraqi forces after her helicopter was shot down over Iraq

Mexican Culture Essay Example For Students

Mexican Culture Essay Outline1 Introduction2 Mexican culture essay example2.1 Interesting Facts about Mexican Culture3 Conclusion Introduction Sometimes in a merry national holiday, you may observe a reflection of some historical facts that occurred several centuries ago. Mexico, one of the most unusual Catholic countries, is capable of striking exotic values inherited from the Indian, the Spaniards, and even Americans. Mexican culture essay example Historically, Mexico was inhabited by several free tribes of Indians, whose influence is still felt. Today, there are only 6 million Mayan descendants. In communities, you can see examples of ancient religious cults, sacrifices, music, dance, or writing. All Mayan habits are closely related to astronomical cycles, so, even modern scientists are amazed at the accuracy of their calculations. In the X century, there is another strong tribe of the Aztecs built the city-state of Tenochtitlan and luxurious palace where ritual ceremonies were performed. The dual origin of the Mexico culture can be  seen in all its implementations. In food culture, the importance of maize is retained. Farming has long been complemented by rural handicrafts. Potters, stone carvers, weavers and jewelers, whose works were lost during the expansion, achieved amazing craftsmanship. A lot of artisans sell or trade their goods in local bazaars. There is a local specialization when separate villages are famous for various crafts. The products of Coyotepeka potters from black with a metallic shim of clay, animalistic figurines in Guadalajara, and iridescent green glaze on vessels from Tampa are widely known. In the Mexican food, culture is used mainly corn. Most frequently, they bake tortillas with meat filling and spicy chili seasoning. In coastal areas, class people are largely fed by the sea. Except of fish, various crustaceans, shrimps, and lobster are used as resources. Paired essence of the origin of modern Mexican culture is reflected in clothing. Men associate with low-class wear cotton garments. On the feet, we may see a variety of strap sandals, one of the few purely Indian elements of a garment. To protect from the scorching sun, the head is covered with wicker straw hats of various shapes with a wide brim – sombreros. Speaking about women we should mention that they wear dresses of light fabric and colors. They try to avoid dark shades. In Yucatan, high-class people dress in a snow-white skirt and sleeveless blouse with rich, brightest embroidery. The greatest variety is distinguished by the vestments of Indian women, striking with contrasting combinations of colors and associated with low class. The currency of Mexico is money with an eventful history. This is not surprising, because at one time the peso was considered the largest silver coin in the world. At the same time, the Mexican dollar was used, which participated in the circulation in the silver form. The only disadvantage of its direct usage serves the extortionate rate, according to which the cost of goods or services is recounted by employees of hotels, restaurants, shops or markets. Interesting Facts about Mexican Culture In Mexico the number of church holidays is large. It is the day of the local holy father, celebrated in a large village. In addition to food, music, and dance, costume parties or pantomimes, originating from the European Middle Ages, are arranged. Christmas starts here two weeks before an official date. In each town, ritual processions are held, at the head of which are Joseph and the Virgin Mary, accompanied by children. People who meet them join the crowd and move in the direction of the temple where the solemn mass becomes the result of the evening. On December 24, a family gathers at the table to taste Christmas â€Å"atoll† and â€Å"tamale†, as well as to make out the presents under the Christmas tree, despite the absence in the Mexico culture of Santa or his deputy. Perhaps the most amazing celebration where religious and philosophical views of the ancient Mexican culture intertwined is The Day of the Dead. It reflects the lightness inherent to death. After a mournful meal at the cemetery, adults begin to have fun, while the children eat up sugar skulls and chocolate coffins. Since childhood, a familiar image of laughing departure personifies the omnipotent time that brings destruction and renewal to the world. According to Mexican beliefs, the individual’s soul falls to the gods. On this day, you need to visit the graves of loved ones, inviting them to the house, bake special coffee bread and cookies in the form of skulls. One of the most curious facts is the Feast of the Oppressed Husbands, during which all husbands, dissatisfied with their second half, can indulge in the joys of life without fear of subsequent punishment. Among the celebrations, not related to the church, it is worth mentioning corrida inherited from Spain. Here you may trace the Mexican culture vs. American culture. On September 15, Mexicans celebrate their liberation two hundred years ago. When Napoleon conquered Spain, Mexico automatically became the property of France. Residents, outraged by such a humiliating status, fought for their independence for eleven years. Now, gathering annually with flags in the squares and shouting the battle cry of the free rebels â€Å"Viva!† the Mexicans pay tribute to their ancestors and listen to the ringing of the bell that once announced the beginning of the uprising. That is fact what makes Mexican culture unique. .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .postImageUrl , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:hover , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:visited , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:active { border:0!important; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:active , .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182 .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8878896178138b8150ac1980ede2a182:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Of A Salesman And The Price EssayThe Mexico culture is quite musical, as exemplified by roving folk orchestras â€Å"mariachi†. Sometimes pipes are added to them. The composition of such an orchestra has from 3 to 12 musicians who play at fairs and weddings. Mexican dances are peculiar, although they are based on Spanish motifs of the XVI-XVII centuries. The most common dance, â€Å"Kharabe Tapatio† is danced by couples with a complex, changing a rhythmic pattern. Among the genres of Mexican song culture, bullfights, a kind of folk ballad, have become the most popular. This song genre developed on the basis of the Spanish romance of the 15th and 16th centuries, but it acquired a deeply peculiar style and theme. It is built from quatrains with a precise rhyme, performed with a guitar with the repetition of the most melodic phrases of each verse. The classic of the genre was a rather extensive corps of the Revolution, formed in the 1920s. Conclusion Thus, in Mexican culture and traditions, Spanish customs, values, and celebrations enrich the life with differing Indian beliefs. The interaction of two such various worlds over the centuries has not only influenced conservative popular foundation, but also encompassed the sphere of professional literature, visual arts, education program, and philosophy.

Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Essay Example

Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology Essay Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology By: September 24th, 2012 Psy. 410 Times have changed from what our grandparents knew and evolution is part of it. However, when looking at all the changes that we have seen in this world, how many of them were normal and how many were abnormal? Were they abnormal to some and normal to others? Or is there a particular age group that its normal or abnormal to? We are going to take a look and see if we can dig deeper in understanding normalcy and abnormalities. Abnormal Psychology To understand the origins of abnormal psychology you must first understand what it is. There are six main core concepts to understanding abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology is so complex in that we wonder what causes a mental illness or abnormal psychology while we wonder about feelings of being down and where they come from as well. Because there is so many questions in this particular field it is what makes it fascinating. With abnormal psychology there are six major concepts in classifying and defining it as abnormal. ( Hansell Demour, 2008) Concepts The first concept in defining abnormal psychology is to define and understand abnormality. You must first understand circumstances that cause or surround any behavior to allow you to understand whether the behavior is normal or abnormal. The next concept examines the continuum between normal and abnormal behavior. ( Hansell Demour, 2008) This means understanding the context that the actual abnormal behavior occurs to allow us to understand it as well as explain it. Cultural and historical relativism is the third concept in defining and classify abnormality. Demographic context influence abnormal behavior and include things such as class, age, culture and gender. Hansell Demour, 2008) Advantages and limitations of diagnosis is the fourth concept is the limitations and advantage of diagnosis. The fifth examines the principle of multiple causality. ( Hansell Demour, 2008) and finally the connection between the body and the mind is the sixth concept of abnormal psychology. Lets take a step back now and examine some of these a little farther. Lets begin with examining the co ntinuum between abnormal and normal psychology. Continuum Without looking at the continuum we can not define whether or not the behavior is known as normal or abnormal. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The continuum examines the highlights of attitude of empathy toward those struggling with abnormal behavior. The continuum shows humanity among people. It also shows that people show and display concern with unfairness against them. ( Hansell Demour, 2008) This makes it difficult for clinicians to find the fine line that exists between normal and abnormal behavior. The allows the scientific research to be more challenging as well as the treatment as well. Cultural and Relativism Things change through out time that can affect what is seen as abnormal. For example, seeing someone naked on public television 50 years ago was not normal but abnormal. Today, in 2012, seeing someone naked on public television is thought to be relatively normal. Along with social changes there is also cultural change. This is just one of the many changes that has happened even in the last 30 years. The changes are very apparent to older generations making this abnormal for them while the younger generation that is experiencing these changes but its all they know, this is considered normal to them. Yet its definition is all in interpretation. Biological Perspectives Toward abnormal psychology biological perspectives plays a huge role in mental disorders. Many illnesses, injuries, as well as defects may cause emotional symptoms. (Hansell Demour, 2008) Physical structures and biochemical functions in the body are a huge contributor to abnormal psychology. Functions and structure of the brain is looked at by researchers in abnormal psychology. Some of the many things that have been shown to be a factor in mental disorders include the central nervous system, the endocrine system, the peripheral nervous system, as well as genetics. Hansell Demour, 2008) Sociocultural Perspectives The Cultural and historical relativism is part of the sociocultural prespective. Because every society has different ideas of normalcy and abnormalities it is hard to define or begin to define abnormality. Learning is what sociocultural theorists believed to be part of the contributor to mental disorders. ( Hansell Demour, 2008) the stresses in soc ial and cultural roles include things such as culture, gender, social class, and ethnicity. Socioeconomic status (SES), gender and ethnicity is what many theorists focus mainly on. Many times in life we evaluate what is normal and what is abnormal. Something in my life that may be normal to me might be completely abnormal to someone else. Interpretation plays a huge role and while definitions behind normal and abnormal are not clear or found interpretation is always part of understanding. References: Hansell, J. Damour, L. (2008). Abnormal psychology (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.