Developing Yourself as an Effective Human Resource Practitione Essay

The CIPD developed a map depicting the HR profession that signifies the skills, knowledge and behaviours needed by those in HR and Learning and Development professionals. The two inner core professional areas in the HRPM, Strategy Insights and Solutions and Leading HR, requires a deep understanding of the business activities, strategies and plans to drive business performance through the delivery of human resource strategy and solutions. Leading HR in particular focuses on the organisation requirements and that human resources employees are fully engaged, working collaboratively and all understand the drivers that create value within the organisation. Both of these core areas are to be reflected within all HR roles at any stage of a successful HR career regardless of location or working within an organisation or alongside one. The other 8 professional areas identify the knowledge and skills required within each band level to provide specialist HR assistance. There are 4 band levels, each band level signifies professional competence and is linked to the professional areas within said band level at every stage of the professionals HR career. To progress from one band to another there are three transitional pathways that identify what the professional must follow in order to progress. There are 8 behavioural areas clustered into 3 groups that identify how professionals at the relevant band level in their career need to carry out their duties and make a contribution to their organisations success. They include; Band One; Personally Credible; Builds a reliable reputation using experience and expertise and does so with integrity and in an objective manner. Collaborative; Works effectively with colleagues, customers, and individuals both within and outside of the organisation. Driven to deliver; Demonstrates a strong work ethic, consistent in their duties and take accountability for delivery of results. Plans, prioritises, monitors performance and holds others accountable for delivery. Band Two; Advises on and manager HR related issues and has a clear understanding of the evaluation process. Whilst at band two, the professional will demonstrates the Personally Credible and Driven to Deliver Behaviour Areas seen in Band One while also demonstrating other Behaviour Areas; Courage to Challenge and Skilled Influencer. Courage to Challenge; Shows confidence and courage to speak and challenges others when confronted with unfamiliar circumstances. Skilled Influencer; Demonstrates the ability to influence and to gain commitment and support form a wide range of diverse stakeholders for the organisation benefit. Band Three; Requires the professional to show a high understanding of the Behaviour Areas Courage to Challenge and Skilled Influencer. These are to be demonstrated at an expert level before progressing to the band level 4. The professional has the skills to lead in a Behavioural area and addresses key HR challenges at an organisational level. Band Four; Professionals are required to be an expert in their field, lead and manage the professional area or the organisational responsible for developing and delivering organisational and HR strategy. The professional is required to cover 3 Behavioural areas; Role Model, Curious and Decisive Thinker. Role Model; leading by example and implying sound personal judgement in all interactions. Curious; Demonstrates an active interest in the internal and external environment, shows a willingness to learn and active in the development of self and others and organisation levels and individual. Decisive Thinker; Demonstrates the ability to analyse information quickly and constructively to make defendable decisions using knowledge, experience and personal judgement. As a learner just starting out my HR career my experience and knowledge is limited and I believe to sit at Band One on the HRPM. Band One supports colleagues with administration duties and effectively manages data and is customer driven. The Professional Areas suited for Band One insure that all people within the organisation possess and develop the skills and knowledge to progress not only within the organisation, but their career by becoming motivated to learn, grow and perform. High performance within the organisation is promoted by rewards that are equitable and cost effective, given when rewarding skills, capabilities, performance and experience. While Band One focuses primarily on Performance and Reward and Learning and Talent Development as professional areas, the HRPM also depicts that the behaviours at Band One level are to be achieved. These include; Personally Credible, Collaborative and Driven to Deliver. The two core Professional Areas (Strategy Insights and Solutions and Learning and Talent Development) are at the very heart of any HR professional and should be the core values of any professional undertaking a HR career or an expert in their field.

Happiness and peacefulness Essay

Bhutan is a highly simplistic country that lived for centuries in the old ways that reflect their culture and traditional way of life. It is because of their lack of exposure to the outside world that they have been able to maintain their happiness and peacefulness as a people. Without the outside influence to compare their lives to, the people of Bhutan are able to live a satisfied life free from jealousy and trivial wants. I said wants and not needs because it is a proven fact that television is driven by consumerism and along with it, a building desire within people to own something not because they need it but because they are conditioned to want something whether necessary or not in their lives. Due to Bhutan’s centuries old non exposure to the modern world through television, viewing, I fear that its emergence as a national pastime will change the everything that has made the people of this small nation a special and happy lot. TV is known as an idiot box because it does not require people to think nor analyze any information presented to them. As evidenced by the reaction of the youth of Bhutan to television, their culture is already undergoing a drastic change. Without their knowledge violence, as presented in the wrestling programs are fast becoming a part of their lives and it will only tend to get worse from there. Television is a new toy for the people of this innocent country. They do not really understand the repercussions of what they view and emulate on television because they still view it as something magical and fictional. But that will soon change as their markets get flooded by consumer goods first from America and then the rest of the world. They will begin to fall prey to the consumerism that drives the world. All because seeing the items being advertised on television face to face in a store will allow them to hold the product and make them want to be like the thing or person they see on television. It is not hard for consumerism to invade a small nation and change its landscape because television is also considered a teacher of sorts. They will emulate what they see because they think that what is shown on television is the proper way to live in a modern society. But, being isolated for so long from the modern world will undoubtedly divide the nations citizens as well. As the elders of the nation will choose to fear television and its effects because they do not understand what television and its advertisements represent so they will struggle to remain in their simplistic way of life, the youth of the nation will embrace the change and want to effect the same changes in their lives. To put it bluntly, Bhutan will never be the same again. The invasion of television will make the people want to see change and bring their lifestyle and country into the 21st century. All without really understanding that they were better off before television helped them â€Å"progress as a nation. † Work Cited Bloom, Alexis & Dendup, Tshewang. (2002). Bhutan — the last place. Frontline World. Retrieved November 11, 2007 from http://www. pbs. org/frontlineworld/stories/bhutan/thestory. html

America in Black and White

Langston Hughes was an important and defining figure of the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920’s up to the 1930’s, a decade of great activity in the African-American arts scene. Hughes was known for the rhythm, jazz and blues, of his poetry. The theme of his poetry is mostly on the life experiences of the African-American. In his Theme for English B, Hughes expresses the reality in the disparity – of being Black among Whites. In the first stanza, the professor’s assignment was specific and defined which was to write a page about oneself. It was a deviation from the usual rigid English lessons, like classical poems.Writing about oneself was more loose and relaxed. Hughes used iambic quatrain to taunt the rigidity of the instruction. Hughes made it known from the beginning that student and professor were different. The student thought the assignment over, and wondered if it was easy writing about oneself. Hughes used the free-verse style on rest of the poem to c ontrast the earlier quatrain. Alliteration and Assonance in Line 7, â€Å"I am twenty-two, colored, born in Winston-Salem† had the jazz sounds of Harlem. Here, Hughes bared that the student was Black and therefore the professor was White.When he combined two vowel sounds in Line 10, â€Å"I am the only colored student in my class† Hughes indicated how strongly the student felt about being Black. Hughes used metaphors to denote Black with Harlem, 8th Avenue, 7th Street and Harlem Branch Y, places where there was heavy African-American population. There was a noticeable change in the order of the [I] from Lines 6, 7, 8 and 10, such as, â€Å"I wonder†¦ / I am twenty-two †¦ / I went to school there †¦ / I am the only †¦Ã¢â‚¬  to Lines 12-14 â€Å"†¦ then I cross †¦/ †¦ and I come †¦ / †¦ where I come †¦ /. † The [I] used to start off the lines, they now end off the lines.Such reversal was a symbolical of the place the Black took in society. The symbolism of coming from African-American places going upwards to the school on the hill and taking the elevator to his room at the Y told of the student’s efforts to reach the level of the Whites. It must be recalled in Line 6 that the student had doubts â€Å"I wonder if it’s that simple? † referring to the assignment. Now at Line 16, he was sure that â€Å"It is not easy to know what is true for you or me. † Hughes at this point now came with the â€Å"you† together with the â€Å"me.† With â€Å"I feel and see and hear, Harlem, I hear you:† â€Å"hear you, hear me – we two – you me, talk on this page† (Lines18-19) the student was not just writing about himself but of the whole African-American people. The sound of the assonance was strong like the clamor for equality. In Lines 21-26, the student cried out that he, in many ways, was like a white man with the same wants and aspira tions in life. Hughes’ metaphors for gifts like â€Å"pipe† to mean growing old, â€Å"Bessie† for Blues, â€Å"Bop† for Jazz, and â€Å"Bach† for the classical and Baroque music.The student wrote that the African-American also wanted the things the White man enjoyed. Hughes subtly presented the issue of racism by completely leaving out the assonance, instead, the student was introspective when he asked â€Å"So will my page be colored that I write? † (Line 27). Despite the absence of the assonance, Hughes was still able to convey what the student wanted – to experience life, like the Whites do, until he is old when he smokes his pipe and listen to good music. The professor and the student were a contrast from the start, with conflicts in between.Hughes found a common ground in Lines 31-33 â€Å"You are white — / yet part of me, as I am part of you. / That’s American. † He followed it up with Lines 37-38 â€Å"As I learn from you, I guess you learn from me –† Hughes tried to make his readers see that the equalizer comes in both their being Americans. Theme for English B gives a very light treatment, being a free verse, of a compelling issue such as racism. The readers are able to internalize the poem through its rhythm. The tone of the poem is reflective as it is assertive with the use of the poetic voice of â€Å"I† coming as it is from someone who has a personal stake on the issue.Hughes was excellent in the use of a page for a composition in an English B class, where the student would use black ink to write on a white sheet of writing paper. The symbolisms accurately portrayed the issue in the poem – that Blacks and Whites despite their difference should not be opposing colors of America. They will both write history and define their future as Americans. References Hughes, L. (1951). Theme for English B. Retrieved April 25, 2009 from http://www. eecs. harvard. edu/~keith/poems/English_B. html

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Final Exam - Essay Example In Spain, it highlighted on the controversy over the alleged elitism of Revolt and the French did not welcome Ortega’s reasoning or philosophical views. The public accepted the work of Ortega because of numerous reasons. It highlighted on the masses that were disadvantaged in the society and seemed to look for solutions to the problems caused by the European integration. Ortega’s meaning and Characteristics of the â€Å"Europe masses† Ortega y Gasset talks of â€Å"Europe masses† after assessing the social order that most people live without noticing. In the wake of globalization and diversity in numerous areas, Ortega believes that the European elite that are creating problems to other unfortunate individuals in the society. When he refers to â€Å"masses,† Ortega highlights on the political and the social crisis of Europe. In general, he talks of the general Western civilization. In this process, Ortega focuses on revealing the root causes of this crisis that the Western civilization brings to the social systems in the society. Ortega refers to â€Å"masses† and ponders concerning who should rule the human society (Ortega y Gasset 34). The mass man Ortega refers to is the ordinary or the average person who accepts himself as he is and is unwilling to place demands on himself. The masses also consider themselves equal of others and have had immense effect on the intellectual fiber of the society. Ortega believes that the emergence of â€Å"European masses† and technological advancement had stripped away Man’s bottom illusions, at enormous rate. The masses take control of the government and change the manner in which people should be governed. Concerning the characteristics of the masses, Ortega admits that it is normal to have minority in power but there are problems associated with such a leadership. To some extent, it is a good move; however, it makes nations suffer as people are affected by the rebelli on of other masses. Rebellious is one characteristic of the masses. Most importantly, masses believe in political life where one questions the other parties’ economic, moral, religious and intellectual, which are collective habits of people. The characteristic of the masses is based on the commonplace mind that understands itself as a commonplace. This mind claims to have the authority of exercising their rights and is capable of imposing them wherever it will. According to a say in the U.S. that, â€Å"to be different is to be indecent.† Ortega portrays the mass as a tool that crushes anything that is beneath it. Some of the things that the mass crushes include individuals, excellent things, qualified and select. It assumes that people should have different characteristics, but ensure that they accommodate others (Ortega y Gasset 64). This is why they say that anybody who is not like everybody risks being eliminated because they do not belong to the same mass. Ortegaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Perspective of the proper â€Å"Minorities† Ortega’s Revolt highlights on the significance of having proper minorities and the masses in Europe. He argues through mature thoughts regarding the respective roles of minorities and masses in Western society. His diagnosis culminates in this work and he continues to ensure that he promotes the well-being of the European society. His efforts aim at working towards eliminating the imbalance between masses and minorities. This is because the masses take over the society and fail to

EU Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EU Law - Coursework Example Enforcement concerning a state’s legal responsibility for the infringement of rights which are imposed upon the individual member of the states comprises the aspects such as employment and industrial relation which are controlled by the ECJ of the Member States. Most of the EU regulations which specify certain directives concerning the areas of employment as well as industrial relation are implemented with the assistance of policies of direct effect of directives. The direct effect of directives affirms that the states as well as ‘emanation of the state’ are accountable even if legal responsibilities regarding non-execution of the EU directives reclines with the other parties of the state. The effect of directives is limited by the persistence of ECJ on the basis of the implications of vertical legal responsibilities of the states which are referred as vertical direct effect. Contextually, horizontal direct effect is regarded as a doctrine whereby individual membe rs can depend on obtaining direct effect in relation to provisions within the treaties1. Explanation of Direct and Indirect Effect of EU Law and State Liability Direct effect is considered as a guideline of EU law where it emphasizes on those factors of EU law which are directly enforceable by union community members within their own Member States. Moreover, direct effect can be implemented by concerning upon directives, regulations, treaty provisions and its decisions. The notion of ‘direct effect’ was first utilized by the ECJ when it attributed to particular Treaty articles the legal value of direct effect in the case of NV Algemene Transporten Expeditie Onderneming van Gend en Loos v. Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen case no.26/62 [1963]. In this case, ECJ recognized three circumstances which are essential to establish direct effect within the EU law. Three circumstances are as follows: The provision should maintain enough clarity and should be accurately s tated This provision should be restricted and not related with any other legal stipulation It should bestow an appropriate right by which a citizen can make a claim If these aforementioned conditions are fulfil then the stipulation of the treaties can provide similar legal effects as regulations mentioned in the Article 288 ‘Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TEFU)’2. The policy of indirect effect needs the decision of national court where parties of the Member States are responsible for the fulfilment of EU obligations. Contextually, this policy enforces indirectly by the mechanism of judicial interpretation of domestic law. Moreover, indirect effect can be viewed as an addition regulation of EU law as well as a consequence of the policy of direct effect. On the basis of the implication of the specification of directives which creates direct effect wherein national court should ignore the domestic laws in order to minimize the conflict between the directi ves as well as domestic law3. The indirect effect has been observed to take place in the case of Plaumann & Co v Commission, Case 25/62, 15 July 19634. The ECJ

American dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

American dream - Essay Example Most people who were rendered jobless during recession had education levels of high schools and below. In fact, Georgetown University’s Center on Education (GUCE) had recently claimed that the employment trends for people with no college education were literally flat at the start of the recovery phase. This means that individuals who become jobless during the Great Recession were not in a position to get new jobs. The nature of job loss in the United States during recession was so uneven that it worsened the income inequality trends. In addition, it expanded the gap between wealthy class and the rest of the American population. In a recent statement by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OCED), they claimed that the income inequality structure in the United States was a threat to their long term socio-economic strength and development (David, 2012). OCED further argued that the education system in the country was not effective in assisting children to re alize their full potential. This was so because the government’s expenditure directed to less fortunate students was quite minimal. The question people are asking is whether American dream is alive or dead? Based on this brief overview, this paper will focus on defending the position on whether dream to achieve a better success from old to near generation is realizable. Based on this view, a thoughtful and critical evaluation will be done on the impacts of socio-economic trends that the country has experienced in the pasts, particularly, on the economic well being of individuals and families in the United States (David, 2012). 1.2 Is American Dream to improve individuals and families economic well being still alive? In answering the above question, the study will examine range of data that address issues of wage, quality of life and community well-being. However, data that were released from various economic sources showed that things are not at all well meaning that serious challenges are affecting realization of improved living standards from one generation to the next (Lawrence, Jared and Heidi, 2009). 1.3 Thesis Statement With regards to the brief overview, thesis statement for this paper is: â€Å"The American Dream of each generation doing better than the previous generation is DEAD. The faults of capitalism, over consumption, adverse economic trends and government policies have contributed to the demise of the dream. The social contract between generations has been broken.† 1.3.1 Supporting the thesis Most data shows that the last decade was practically a lost decade. This is because there was widening of the gap of inequalities in wage and income among American households. Similarly, data shows over 25 year period of wage stagnation and slow growth rate in income that was experienced prior to the lost decade. In fact, the increasing inequalities on wealth, income and wage supported growth among the top class generations (Lawrence, Jared a nd Heidi, 2009). Research showed that these trends were partly fueled by policy response initiated by the federal government that was either wrong, absent or inadequate to address the real problem. 2.0 Defining Well Being No consensus has being reached on how â€Å"well being† concept can be defined. However, National Account of Well being (2009) defined it as â€Å"a dynamic process that gives people sense of how their lives are going, through the

Scaling Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Scaling Study - Essay Example Likewise, personal space is apparent in a broad range of situations – even in crowded conditions where in the physical space is very limited. An example of such situation happens in trains which are always packed with passengers. In this case, people engage in certain behaviors in order to maintain their personal space given the lack of physical space. Moreover, though it is not a physical concept, it is possible to quantitatively measure personal space through the use of a dimensional scale. In an attempt to do so, a questionnaire, in the form of a verbal frequency scale, was developed that contain ten items, describing different spacing behaviors that people engage in. In order to be more specific, these behaviors were limited to those commonly exhibited in the train – being a common setting for personal space studies. For each item, five response options were provided which are coded from 1 to 5 – the highest score corresponding to â€Å"Always† and the lowest to â€Å"Never†. However, there are two different types of items made – negatively and positively stated statements, respectively – such that coding of responses was reversed for those items which are negatively stated. The total scores for all the items would be added and the average would be computed. Given this scoring, the variable, personal space, can be operationally defined as the degree to which individuals engage in different behaviors in order to prevent interpersonal relations. The assumption is that individuals who keep a large personal space are likely to engage to different spacing behaviors; hence, a high score in the test entails a large personal space. Validity Measures In order to guarantee that that the questionnaire would measure what it is supposed to measure, two types of validity were established prior to the administration of the questionnaires. First, the content validity of the questionnaire was established by creating items tha t were all based on observations made by previous researchers in their studies of personal spacing behaviors in the train. As such, previous observations found in published journals were translated into personal statements that constitute the items covered. Second, while it is not a good indication of usefulness, the face validity of the questionnaire was maintained in order to appear acceptable and relevant to the respondents. The questions were worded in a simple manner to facilitate better understanding. Also, the questionnaire was formatted to the convenience of the respondents such that they would only have to encircle their response for each item. After establishing content and face validities, the questionnaires were then administered to ten respondents who can easily be contacted by the researcher any time. In order to ensure that the respondents can relate to the questions covered, only regular train passengers were chosen to participate in the study. Consequently, the same questionnaires were again administered to the same respondents after a period of one week in order to confirm the stability of results. All responses were coded and inputted in statistical software for analysis. Based on the results, the respondents scored high in the variable that was measured. This means that people do engage in certain activities and behaviors that would protect their personal space. These findings confirm the established theories and expectations on the said topic. As such, it can be deduced that the question

Organisations, People & Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Organisations, People & Performance - Essay Example Modern human resource management has shifted and it has entered the core of business strategy. Unlike the earlier times when HR strategist were never included in the core firm strategy, a modern firm has to include it in its core strategic planning because HR has become the most important resource a firm can have (Stonehouse & Houston, 2013). Easy Jet is a London based airline which operates within Europe and is headquartered in London Luton Airport. The airline is a low budget airline and offers low cost flights between cities within the euro region (Topham, 2014). According to Michael Porter, being a low cost producer is one of the strategic edges a firm can have (Stonehouse & Houston, 2013). Most of its airbuses make return flights, landing back to their airport of origin within twenty four hours. Easy Jet intends to be the pioneer and the leader in Europe’s short haul flights. Easy Jet also looks to have a customer-centered strategy which is geared towards making sure that customers are happy with its services. It intends to do this by having a good HR strategy that is geared towards having a safe workplace with positive values and a healthy working requirement. Michael Porter (2008) defined competitive strategy as anything that gives a firm an edge over its competitors. He argued that this competitive edge can be derived from five major business factors. Cost is one of these factors and those businesses which are able to drive costs down while maintaining good quality are at a better chance of succeeding in the market (Schuler & Jackson, 1987). Easy Jet has operated on the business strategy that is based on cost leadership. The firm has managed to be in the market even during the most chaotic market times. To be able to maintain this strategy in the future, easy Jet must be able to have a HR plan that is just as useful and make sure that its HR costs are kept down. Miles and Snow (1978) described the various ways in which

See the atteatchment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See the atteatchment - Essay Example It evident that the chief executive used foul language when he referred to the issue as ‘bullshit’ in the full glare of the cameras. Furthermore, according to CBC, the CEO did not respond promptly to the matter. He only dismissed the case without promising and assuring the public that the company would investigate the matter. Furthermore, he began finger pointing and blamed the media for working hard to tarnish the image and name of the company. All these pointed to problems in communication. The controversy regarding the use of foreign workers had adverse effects on a number of relevant audiences associated or linked to the company. The controversy affected current and potential employees of McDonald`s Canada. According to CBC, some of the employees compared their working conditions in the company to slavery. They complained of excessive working hours coupled with huge loads of work. Such conditions are not only inhumane, but also unhealthy. Furthermore, many foreign employees working in the firm have downed their tools for fear of the effects of the exposure (CBC). In addition, potential Canadian employees of this organization are pessimistic and have lost desire for working at McDonald`s. The claims reported by the CBC coupled by the various interviews and testimonies of other workers are convincing. Another audience affected by the news would be the investors. Similarly, the poor communication and circumstances surrounding it affected a section of customers. The move has also affected investors and shareholders in the company. Negative publicity is not good for a large company such as McDonald`s. Such acts make investors and various shareholders reconsider their position and support for the company. No investor or shareholder wishes to be associated with a business that does not operate by the rules and regulations of the

The Road by Cormac McCarthy Essay Example for Free

The Road by Cormac McCarthy Essay The Road by Cormac McCarthy is a novel based in a post-apocalyptic world. It revolves around the life of a father and a son who are struggling to survive. Everything around them is destroyed, filled with ash and stripped of life yet the two continue to move south, towards the sea hoping for better days to come. Their lives are lived in a constant state of fear. Every day spent scavenging for food as they are constantly moving, trying to stay unnoticed and safe. In the world that they live in, survival is the only goal and the concept of morality has become non-existent. Cannibalism is the greatest fear as everyone is a predator. But in this â€Å"Barren, silent, godless† (4) world, where â€Å"the days more gray each one then what had gone before† (1) and where man is prey to man, the man and the boy hold their ground. They have not yet lost their sense of morality and refuse to resort to a lifestyle that many around them have adapted. To them certain acts are â€Å"intrinsically wrong† (O’Brien) and never justifiable. This way of thinking and ethical view resonates with the concept of moral absolutism. This philosophy, built on the foundations of Immanuel Kant’s belief that morality is the ability to act rationally, may be used as an explanation as to why the man and boy stick to their principles. Though, the two have very similar beliefs, the extent to which they follow and believe in them is different as the boy has stronger moral values. Therefore, under Kant’s philosophy, the boy in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road is arguably a moral absolutist due to the upbringing and relationship between him and his father as they are both accountable to one another and have a relationship as strong as one between man and God. Absolutism or something that is absolute is a principle that is universally valid, and is viewed without relation to other things. Moral Absolutism is when morality is universally valid and certain principles are viewed without relation to other things therefore they remain absolute no matter what situation or context they are put it. As a result, moral absolutism outlines that certain acts are always immoral and are never justifiable regardless of the motivation behind them or the consequences of those actions. When analysing Kant’s philosophy on morality there are three aspects that need to be considered. Firstly, as mentioned before, moral principles are absolute and do not allow for exceptions. These principles are not questionable because if they are put into different contexts and hypothetical situations, this opens doors to potentially infinite number of revisions and subtle qualifiers, and leaves one in a moral mess that Kant thought he was clarifying. (Rousseau) Secondly, Kant believed that all human beings are intrinsically important and that one should always respect the intrinsic worth of rational beings (Weilenberg). Therefore it is wrong to treat others as instrumental means for one’s gain (Josephson Institute). Thirdly and finally Kant contributed to the rule of Universality, which is that one should only act in a way that they believe would be appropriate if it was applied universally. Meaning that if one believes that an action is moral, would it remain moral if everyone around them was to act in that way. The rules and principles outlined in Kant’s moral philosophy and the basics of moral absolutism are visible in The Road by Cormac McCarthy. The man and the boy follow this belief system but as mentioned before, the extent to which the boy follows or believes in them is much different than the man. The man refers to himself and his son as the â€Å"good guys† and as outlined in Weilenberg’s essay they follow a moral code. This code consists of primarily never resorting to cannibalism, to not lying or stealing, helping others and never giving up (Weilenberg). These principles are very similar to those outlined in Kantian moral philosophy. All rational beings should be respected and should not be used for one’s own gain. Therefore cannibalism is never justifiable and helping others is a moral principle that must be followed. Throughout the novel, the man and the boy face many life threatening situations and it is during these situations that their level of morality is either weakened or strengthened. The first example of this would be when the man and the child encounter a man who has been struck by lightning but the man convinces the boy that it is not beneficial for them to help even after the boy’s urging (50). The man is ignoring principles and is focusing on his or their own good which goes against Kantian philosophy but even at this point the boy tries to convince his father otherwise. At another instance the boy responds to his father by saying, â€Å"If you break little promises, you’ll break big ones† (34) just as Kant argues that justifying one action opens up doors for an infinite number of possibilities which goes against absolutist principles. One of the main issues in the novel is cannibalism. The society in this post-apocalyptic world has in a way accepted cannibalism because of the threat of starvation but the man and the boy promise one another that no matter what the situation, they will not resort to it as the boy states, â€Å"We wouldn’t ever eat anybody, would we? .. No matter what? † and the father reassures his son by repeating, â€Å"No. No, matter what. † This is the fundamental statement that shows an absolute moral. Therefore they are arguably following Kantian philosophy and abide by moral absolutism. The man and the boy are living in a world where morality does not exist; as a result of this one many question the motivation behind the man and the boy’s moral standing. Though everyone around them has lost all sense of humanity, the two still follow certain principles. Early on in the novel, the man says, â€Å"If he [the boy] is not the word of God God never spoke†(5). Though this, it can be inferred that the man sees God in his son. He sees a superior being and a higher truth in his son. The man’s life surrounds around his son’s survival and he is his one and only motivation. Same applies to the son, as they both rely and trust in one another. Not only is The Road a tale of survival in a post-apocalyptic world but it is also the tale of the bond between father and the son and how strong this bond can be. The father preaches absolute morals to his son and they are both accountable to one another. This, is arguably the reason as to why the man and the boy hold absolute morals and values. In God and Moral Absolutes, Mathew O’Brien argues that once the existence of God is ruled out, it is impossible to demonstrate that there are moral absolutes. This argument can be looked with a different perspective. Though, the concept of God is not as strong in the man or the boy’s life their moral standing is very strong. Here the existence of God is ruled out but the bond between two people exists and as a result of this bond the father and son continue to live by their values. Also after the father’s death, the son continues to spiritually communicate with his father but it is stated, â€Å"He tried to talk to God but the best thing was to talk to his father † (286). Here, it may be argued that the bond between father and son was much stronger than that of man and God.

Effects of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | Literature Review

Effects of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | Literature Review What are some of the factors associated with mothers inflicting consistent harm on their children? Munchausen by proxy. A review of the literature. Introduction The literature on Mynchausens syndrome by proxy is considerable and growing at a rapid rate. Many professionals are sure that the condition exists and there appears to be an equally certain number in the non-professional sector who argue vociferously that such professionals are misguided. The purpose of this review is to determine the evidence base for the condition (Sackett, 1996). and to try to present a rational assessment of the very emotive arguments in this area. Literature review The first article that we shall consider is the book by Feldman (et al 1994) which appeared a decade ago, but is useful as it was considered by many to be the â€Å"gold standard† on the topic in its time. The book itself is written as a series of case narratives followed by a discussion on each. This is clearly instructive, but the most important seminal feature of the book is the fact that it was the first to draw a clear distinction between factitious illness and malingering. It describes the authors’ perception that factitious disorders lie along a spectrum from the benign use of illness on one extreme to the syndrome of Mynchausens syndrome by proxy at the other. It is fair to comment that, inevitably, thinking has progressed since this book was published and the basic amalgamation of factitious illness with malingering no longer finds a resonance with mainstream practice today. Malingering is defined here as â€Å"conscious manipulation for external gain such as compensation† while factitious disorder is defined as â€Å"an unconscious motivation to gain attention or control†. More modern opinion believes that many people who seek compensation after trauma are genuine, as can be their symptoms, whether they are purely physical or psychological. The more modern appreciation of the problem would consider that malingering is a conscious manipulation – and therefore not an illness, whereas the factitious disorders generally are essentially unconsciously motivated and therefore more akin to a hysterical conversion disorder and therefore a true illness. The next book to consider is a more recent publication which takes the same presentation – discussion format, as the last. This book (Gregory 2004) is remarkable as it is written by a survivor of the abuse from Mynchausens syndrome by proxy and, in our opinion, should be read by every worker in the field. It presents a remarkably perceptive insight into the mechanisms of the disorder together with a remarkable analysis of the actual resultant coping mechanisms employed by the proxy child who progressively gains both insight and resilience as she gets older and approaches adulthood. It is equally important for the consideration that the author develops for her younger siblings as she becomes aware of them being damaged in the same way. From the healthcare professional’s point of view, there are a number of truly insightful comments including: But the memories that hang heaviest are the easiest to recall. They hold in their creases the ability to change ones life, organically, forever. Even when you shake them out, theyve left permanent wrinkles in the fabric of your soul. Such books as these two are clearly inspirational and edifying, but they do not contribute to the evidence base directly. For that we must turn to the peer reviewed literature. Professors Craft and Hall (2004) have published an excellent review of the pertinent issues which looks, with a degree of concern, at the media presentation of the issues. They suggest that the presentation of Mynchausens syndrome by proxy in the media tends to both glamorise and demonise the condition in a way that is very unhelpful to the healthcare professionals working in the area. They cite tabloid phrases such as â€Å"Meadows discredited theory of Munchausen syndrome by proxy† as being truly hostile to the overriding needs of the victims. The paper itself sets out the evolution of the condition from Caffey’s 1942 paper, where the condition was described but not named, through the papers by Money and Werlwas (1976) to the present day assessment of the condition. The authors specifically consider the issues of Mynchausens syndrome by proxy in relation to severe child abuse and apparent cot death, and provide what should perhaps be considered a most authoritative resume on the issue. In terms of specific psychopathology we can turn to papers such as the one by Eminson D (et al 2000) who suggest that the perpetrators have an increased incidence of personality disorder or, more rarely a psychotic illness. Firstman R (et al 1998) point to the fact that women who suffer from the condition tend to have reported a number of â€Å"fantasies, obsessions and anxieties† regarding their babies which typically focus on their perceived inability to care adequately for them. Golden M (et al. 2003) adds the observation that many of these fantasies include the worry that the mother may actually harm the child together with the observation that there is an associated increase in the incidence of Post natal depression in these cases. References Caffey 1942,  quoted in Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.  Fabricated or induced illness by carers.  London: RCPCH, 2002. Craft AW and D M B Hall 2004 Munchausen syndrome by proxy and sudden infant death BMJ, May 2004; 328: 1309 1312 ; Eminson DM, Postlethwaite RJ. 2000  Munchausen syndrome by proxy abuse: a practical approach.  Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 2000. Feldman MD, Ford C, Reinhold T 1994  Patient or Pretender: Inside the Strange World of Factitious Disorders  London: Wiley, ISBN 0-471-58080-5 Firstman R, Talan J. 1998  The death of innocents.  New York: Bantam, 1998. Golden MH, Samuels MP, Southall DP. 2003  How to distinguish between neglect and deprivational abuse.  Arch Dis Child 2003;88: 105-7. Gregory J 2004  Sickened: The True Story of a Lost Childhood  London: Century books ISBN 1 844 13442 3 Money and Werlwas (1976)  Quoted in Fisher G, Mitchell I.  Is Munchausen syndrome by proxy really a syndrome?  Arch Dis Child 1995;72: 530-4. Sackett, (1996).  Doing the Right Thing Right: Is Evidence-Based Medicine the Answer?  Ann Intern Med, Jul 1996; 127: 91 94. 7.12.05 PDG Word count 1,083  

Principles Behind Project Management Systems and Procedures

Principles Behind Project Management Systems and Procedures The beginning of project management is in the construction business, resulted as pyramids. A king contracted for the construction of his own relaxing home, given to a project manager. This manager was accountable for the rational development of the physical structure, with cutting and carriage of stone, organising of workforce, and construction of the pyramid as planned by the emperor. Modern building organizations hire an updated model of project management, using graphical tools and software to help achieve the sequencing of resources distribution, paraphernalia procedure, and industry knowledge. Usually one organization has several projects underneath at a specified time, confounding the requirement for particular scheduling of resource accessibility to complete each assignment successfully and proficiently. A number of experts have acknowledged a resemblance to construction firms in operative style. For example, legitimate and public bookkeeping companies, while not necessitating brace beams or earth-moving tools, have various legal cases or specialized checks in progress instantaneously. For these corporations, it is required to assign the accessibility of specialized consultants. Principles of project Management Project management principles are most often well-read from practise, and they have world-wide validity for all ventures. This is individuals own perception how he/she could be able to implement those. It is an important matter. Principle Based Project Management begins with these principles: Rule 1- Keep in mind which type of professional you are going to do. Is this business feasible? Choose projects that are worthy for your business. Recognise the commercial worth in your project and keep an eye for fluctuations. Be conscientious in your selected business, learning and put on finest practices. Define what is exclusive and exterior your capacity of concern. Rule 2 Comprehend the clients requirements and sort them. Carefully apprehend and file the customers necessities, get client contract in inscription, and put requirements documents under version identification and change control. Requirements management is the important success aspect for systems development projects. Rule 3 Design a sensible plan. Design a plan that outlines the possibility, agenda, budget, and methodology for a practical project. Include job owners in emerging plans and appraisals, to guarantee viability and buy-in Rule 4 Construct a worthy squad with clear rights. Acquire noble persons and have faith. Create strong possession of well-defined responsibilities; confirm they have tools and preparation needed; and deliver well-timed response. Track beside an operating plan. Give emphasis to open communications. Construct an atmosphere in which team forces at work can gel. Move oddities out. Lead the squad. Rule 5 Keep an eye on project prominence and give it widespread distinguishability. Track development and have repeated evaluations. Deliver inclusive perceptibility and communications of players improvement, expectations, and concerns. Conduct systematic evaluations of management and practical areas to support manage customer anticipations, progress excellence, and recognise complications before they get out of hand. Rule 6 Use Starting point Controls. Inaugurate reference point for the artefact using configuration management and for the plan using budget and schedule reference line tracing. Manage variations purposefully. Practise measurements to standard problematic extents and then track growth quantitatively on the way to elucidations. Rule 7 Put pen to paper Significant Matter, Share it, and Save it. File requirements, strategies, actions, and progressing projects. Keep a record thoughts permit them to grow and improve. Deprived of citations it is difficult to have baseline controls, consistent communications, or a repeatable method. Record all significant pacts and conclusions, along with supportive rationale, as they may come up well ahead. Rule 8 A good test plan should be there. Cultivate test cases for validations and verifications. Use pilot tests to attest critical items and decrease technical menaces. Rule 9 Guarantee consumer contentment. Keep the customers real needs and requirements continuously in view. Invisible changes in buyer requests or not concentrating the project on the customers trade requirements are definite routes to project disaster. Make a clear plan for Clients requirement satisfaction. Rule 10 Proactive approach should be there. Dont wait for damage, have each and every backup in advance in the view of disaster. Project problems worsen over time. Sporadically address project menaces and confront them cooperatively. Appraise the viability of projects and develop success/failure criteria Project viability can be checked by keeping in mind following criteria: a) Scope of the study: Basically before taking any project the scope of the project and the degree should be evidently predicted out based on the requirement of the project. Henceforth deprived of a clear visualisation of the project objective it is difficult to make a fruitful project. All the source desired for the project should be accessible in the report undoubtedly, planned accomplishment date etc. (b) Procurement of data for the studies: Nevertheless the asset and production expenses should be projected as accurately as possible, the budgets and period involved in procurement of the data are not always accurate and it therefore occasionally it is essential for the project team to have faith in suppositions. (c) Verification of alternatives and assumptions: When numerous substitutions are being delivered with concerning choice of equipment , capability, financing etc. In datum the nitty-gritties will be robust when the following substitutions are provided along with the particulars of the project outline: 1. Planned cost structure. 2. Work plans. 3. Exchange mechanism. 4. Landmark elements. (d) Planned cost structure: The expenditure for the project deliverables are always in expressions of prices, regardless of the nature of the produce such as study prices, work expenses, overhead cost etc. Consequently it would be idyllic to brand all the essential expenses experienced throughout the project execution, which justifies to be treated as cost. The manufacture cost depends on accessibility of the data about the vital capitals, manpower, effort agenda, type of equipment, accessible means, and dissemination prices, expertise of the employment. (e) Setting up the operations: Limit the accomplishment of the project is also a significant feature in project viability study. New practices such as PERT, GERT, CPM, ZBB etc are used for operational time management, in demand to be accurate in their close date. (f) Project team: It is desirable to formulate the report beneath the administration of specialists since they are mindful time restraints, assets, and source requirement for the project. To conduct a viability study the idyllic team associates would encompass. 1. Industry economist. 2. Market specialist. 3. Management professionals. 4. Technical head. 5. Project Supervisor. (g) Project meant for extension: Viability studies for a fresh project might be somewhat dissimilar from previously standing projects whose attention is to enlarge their measure of action and the scope of coverage. Depending upon the scope of the project, it should be evident from the new scheme whether the current interior organizational structure and supportive amenities will be adequate or need some alterations. (h) Cost studies: Scheming of pre-investment expenses differs from project to project. Since expenses are essential factors of several types of pre-investment readings it is desirable to specify the size of the expense. c) Developing success/failure criteria of a project Essentially, the project demonstrations exhibited success itself is problematic to outline. In a archetypal group of shareholders-i.e., the project leader, team associates, merchandise end workers, project promoter and top administration-a projects success might, at any given instant, obtain very dissimilar assessments. Given this certainty, it turns into clear that an estimation of project accomplishment should comprise both procedure and result principles. They used the following practice-related measures: Time: Did the project come in on planned time? Cost: Did the project derive in according to financial plan? Product: Did the project result in a produce of suitable worth and encounter other goods -related stipulations? The three outcome-related criteria they used were: Use: Were the projects consequential products/amenities used by its envisioned elements? Learning: Did the project intensify interested party knowledge and enhanced formulation the organization for forthcoming challenges? Value: Did the project lead straight to the organizations better-quality competence or efficacy? Common metrics comprise internal rate of return (IRR),, , economic value added (EVA) ,net present value (NPV) and the composed record. References: http://www.performancexpress.org/ Understand the principles behind project management systems and procedures. Principles behind project management systems and procedures are recognized for the following requirement to fulfil; Meet the clients expectancy Meet project time limit and liability Bring about project revenue margins Well-organized resource utilization Accomplish facts for quicker decision making Confirming limited resources are used on the right plans Binding the dynamism of work in attaining advantageous modification Supervising multifarious variations in an planned way Measuring risks, describing goals and key success parts and setting excellence objectives. Identify the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post project appraisals Essential Key Elements are: Assure that all payments have been collected from the customer Assure that all payments for materials and subcontractors have been paid Prepare a written performance evaluation of each member of the project team Hold post-project evaluation meetings commemorate Have individual meetings with team members and a group meeting with the project team Hold soon after the finishing point declare meeting in advance so people can be equipped Individual meetings allow team members to give their individual impersonation Develop an plan for a group meeting Group meeting should talk about performance and recommendation for enhancement Issue a brief written report to management with a summing up and recommendations Some topics that might be discussed: procedural performance cost performance schedule performance project planning and control customer relationships group relationships communications problem recognition and resolution 2. Examine project organisation and people. Identify the most appropriate organisational structure, roles and responsibilities of participants within a project Prosperous organisations are those that: Have people of visualization and champs of transformation to lead them; Expose the potential of their staff. This is done by generating principles of sincere empowerment of staff to emphasis on the customer. They also motivate good communication, collaboration and preparation. They roll out any ranked pyramids. Identify their clienteles persistently learning from others and going up to the confronts retained by demanding clients. This leads to improvement and keenness. Produce new and fruitful merchandises or amenities by a good knowledge of contestants, inspiring improvement to achieve new ideas. Emphasis on the essential business, accompanied by tactical coalitions. Go beyond their customers expectancies. A virtuous enterprise will admire its individuals as a key resource, not a financial rate. It is a mark of noble administration that all workforces are authorised to appreciate their potential, and profit from working out to ensure so. Managements of all organisations have four core tasks they require to device: Fabrication to make the merchandises or amenities; Transactions and advertising to get the artefact sold; Human resources (employees to you) to employ and train employees; Investment to remunerate for the undertakings. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The roles and responsibilities of project contributors will vary. The necessities positioned on participants will be resolute and demarcated during the project planning process phase,following points can be considered: On a large project, individual role projects may need full-time consideration to the task. On smaller projects, role duties may be completed part-time, with staff distribution in the implementation of several utilities. Tasking and specific responsibilities are generally overlapped in the Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS) as activity projects are defined during the scheduling phase. Typically these duties are shorter term and present only to the attainment of the action distribution. The Project Team and Shareholders A project team includes a varied combination of people and qualities who exchanging the responsibility for achieving plan goals. Shareholders on every project include: Organizational Management, who outlines business requirements, objectives and purposes of the project as well as describing the guidelines and measures leading the project,. The Project Manager, who has final accountability for project accomplishment The Project Team members, who are answerable for holding the performance of the project work actions. These could comprise: Project management human resources Business development human resources Subject Matter Experts (SME) Documentation (user and practical) human resources Training human resources Technical human resources Information Security Officer Leaders/decision makers The Project Supporter, who frontrunners in receiving the need for the project documented as well as in case funding, permitting the means enlistment, and confirming the sanctuary of IT applications. The Purchaser, who is the individual(s) or association(s) using the merchandise of the project and who regulates the approval criteria for the product. Organizational Management Organizational Management is accountable for the identification of the need and occasion for a project, valuation of project risk, and the endorsement of the projects viability and capitals. Management Roles and Responsibilities General Functions Provide leadership and possessions to establish and advance project management Ensure that enough resources are available to conduct projects Analysis/support promises to external individuals (e.g., customers, vendors) Ensure staff is appropriately qualified in project management practices and principles Project Commencement Select Project Manager and contribution in project team recruitment Review/authenticate/admire project scheduler Authorize and provide financial support Project Planning Authenticate that project goals and objectives are defined Review/approve project plan, cost, risk and establish management capitals Provide management inaccuracy as established by review of the project risk analysis, risk reaction planning and mission plan Allow project staff accessibility Project Implementation Repeatedly conduct administrative management reviews and provide your ideas Project Control Review project status and corrective action plans (if required) Review/Approve changes upsetting scope, timing, cost, and/or quality, as essential Project Close-out Authenticate project accomplishment (goals objectives) Substantiate customer and sponsor reception Review and close plan accounting/financial records Review project instructions knowledgeable and post project reports for constant enhancement accomplishment Project Sponsor / Business Sponsor The Project Sponsor is typically a member of the management squad who will be the receiver of the projects end consequence (the product). The Project Sponsor is usually the head of a program region. This specific makes the business argument for the project to exist, controls the overall funding of the project and outlines the receipt criteria of the produce. Many organizations have commands such as Information Technology Security Certification and Authorization which recognizes security related tasks for the System Proprietor. Sponsor Roles and Responsibilities General Functions Eloquent project and/or customer necessities Authenticate that project requirements are met Provide the necessary finance and resources as correct Titleholder the project to provide acquaintance and buy-in Communicate the sponsors views on project growth and success influences to the project team and other shareholders Project Commencement Provide the deliberate goals and objectives of the recipient organization and guidance to the project team to identify the significance and value of the project Develop project idea document Describe sponsor and organizations needs Acquire or provides capital for the project Document necessities Project Planning Review and approve the Project Management Plan and management attitude Participate in planning conferences Project Accomplishment Attend decision-making requirement appraisals Decide intensified project requests-issues, removes barricades and difficulties to the project Deliver transcribed agreement to project requirements and meet the requirements Project Control Appear and contribute as required at Project Status Reviews and piloting meetings Show up change control meetings and appraisals and supports change in scope, timing, quality and/or cost as compressed Project Close-out Provide demonstration or input to lessons learned reviews Sign off on project accomplishment. Control and co-ordinate a project Project coordination is planning and managing several responsibilities at the same time. Coordination is indispensable for a industry that deals with two or more linked plans. Projects differ based on commercial goals but may comprise initiation a new produce or growing facilities into new zones. A project coordinator commonly has diverse roles and accountabilities, dependent on the business, business scope, and mission objective. Project coordinators can function as decision makers or subordinate to lead managers. Project control cycle Recognize the purposes and restrictions, and cultivate a plan. Analyse and baseline the proposal. Acquire agreement to proceed. Do some effort. Measure performance and bring up-to-date the original estimations and predictions. Bring up to date the plan and financial plan predictions to have explanation of the state-of-the-art statistics. Explore the reasons of any momentous deviations with detail to the baseline. Analyse the related jeopardies and expectations. If compulsory, improve opportunities for captivating counteractive action. Settle on any remedial plan that is mandatory and appraise the plans . Approve that the goals have been accomplished and that the prerequisite merchandises have been distributed. Acquire official sign-off if applicable. Figure: Project control cycle Identify project leadership requirements and qualities. In a team building, populaces are encouraged to provide thoughts and useful conclusions. This transformation rules how plans in the present day are being fulfilled. Moved out is the old-fashioned system of running ventures where the person above you made the judgments, assumed the timeframes, and fix all goals. Today, we must have additional players who will take the compulsory guidance and move the project onward. This turn out to be a struggle with anticipations and values. It is a fact project management is here to stay. Shape the Accurate Crew: Several project players practice turf encounters. Persons dispute and are unhelpful; they do not cooperate. Non-cooperation leads to project breakdown .most people are capable to overcome their personal aversions and silently effort together. Nevertheless, the squad leader is accountable for holding unsolved project planning. By cautiously choosing the crew participants in the opening, several types of these difficulties can be escaped. Explain Something in Great Detail for Your Team Upfront: It all the time works well to convey people the reality. By illuminating the penetration of the venture and how considerable time you expect it will yield for accomplishment will construct your reliability. Generate the right grounds by clarifying the course for conducting difficulties, adjust commands, and projects. By providing the facts up front, you set a gist of admiration and gentility. Craft an Atmosphere of Reliance: You should create reliability and walk the tà ªte-à  -tà ªte regularly. Give people respect. People who are treated badly will not likely be helpful and supportive. Elude and depress dishonesties and backstabbing. These eradicate reliance and give the base for rejection of leadership. Individuals can handle mistakes or catastrophe, but they cannot handle deceptions and lack of respect. Observe and Provide Opinion: Providing appropriate reaction on the pros and cons of a project is very significant. Never take too lightly the worth of a literal on the rear with a good job supplement. If you ponder individuals are performing well, express them. In some cases, leaders applause individuals at the commencement of the project but fail to recall to comprise reaction over the comprehensive time of the project. Reminisce, admiration expenses nothing. Point out optimistic actions with observations. These positive shorings up supports retain people attentive on the right way. Keep Communication Vulnerable: Keep communications rolling; it helps the efficiency and proficiency of the venture. Circumvent one way communiquà © which is only from first management downward. Communication is required which crosses division lines and retains everyone well-versed and on board. Keep the End Goal Clearly in Mind: Leaders can turn out to be side-tracked and overlook the necessity for checking the project dates. People may lose attention for the duration of a project and permit goals to float. If the overlooked time limit is early on in the project, it can have an undulate effect. Plan and specify human resources and requirements for a project Planning of Human resources seeks to place the right employees in the right jobs at the right time, so that an organisation can meet its objectives. Human resource planning tries to forecast personnel demand, assess supply and reconcile the two in a systematic manner. When developing HR plans, it is important for managers to scan the external environment to identify the effects of economic conditions, regional and competitive pressures, governmental influences and workforce composition and patterns. Planning the requirement for Human Resources for a project Most firms estimate how many employees they require in future. The demand for human talent at various levels is primarily due to the following factors: 1. External challenges: These challenges arise from three important sources: (a) Economic developments: Opening up of banking sector, capital market reforms, the on-line trading systems have created huge requirement for finance professionals . (b) Political, legal, social and technical changes: The requirement for certain categories of employees and skills is also influenced by changes in political, legal and social structure in an economy. (c) Competition: Companies operating in fields where a large number of players are bent upon cutting each others throat (with a view to enhance their market shares) often reduce their workforce. Competition is beneficial to customers but suicidal for companies operating on thin margins. 2. Organisational decisions: The organisations strategic plan, sales and production forecasts and new ventures must all be taken into account in employment planning. 3. Workforce factors: Requirement is modified by retirements, terminations, resignations, deaths and leaves of absence. Past experience, however, makes the rate of occurrence of these actions by employees fairly predictable. 4. Forecasting techniques: The manpower forecasting techniques commonly employed by modern organisations are given below: (a) Expert forecasts: In this method, managers estimate future human resource requirements, using their experiences and judgements to good effect. (b) Trend analysis: HR needs can be estimated by examining past trends. Past rates of change can be projected into the future or employment growth can be estimated by its relationship with a particular index. 5. Other methods: Several mathematical models, with the aid of computers are also used to forecast HR needs, e.g., regression, optimisation models, budget and planning analysis. Examine project processes and procedures Develop project plans and the project organisation Planning is the key to successful project. When we thought of a project we need to make project plan. Step 1 Project Goals: A project is successful when the the requirements of the investors are done. A investor is one directly or indirectly affected by the project. As a main step it is vital to recognize the shareholders in your project. Examples of stakeholders are: The project guarantor The client who take delivery of the services The operators of the project yields The project manager and project team The next step once you have piloted all the conversations and have a all-inclusive list of requirements is to give priorities to them. From the this list generate a customary of objectives that can be easily measured. This way it will be easy to know when a objective has been accomplished. Once you have recognized a clear set of goals they should be chronicled in the project plan. It can be beneficial to also comprise the needs and opportunities of your shareholders. Step 2 Project Deliverables: Supplement the deliverables to the project plan with an predictable delivery date. Further exact delivery dates will be established during the development phase. Step 3 Project Schedule: Build a list of responsibilities that must be voted for out for each deliverable acknowledged in step 2. For every task ascertain the following: The amount of effort (hours or days) required to do the task The resource who will bring out the task After finding out the amount of work for each task, you can work out the effort mandatory for each deliverable and an accurate delivery date. Update your deliverables division with the more precise distribution dates. Step 4 Supporting Plans This step deals with plans you must create as quantity of the planning process. These can be comprised openly in the plan. Human Resource Plan Classify by name the persons and associations with a important role in the project. For each one designate their roles and tasks on the project. Next, designate the number and kind of people necessary to carry out the project. For each means feature start dates, assessed time and the technique you will use for tracking down them. Craft a single sheet encompassing this statistics. Communications Plan Design a document displaying who wishes to be kept informed about the mission and how they will collect the facts. The most corporate mechanism is a weekly/once-a-month development report, telling how the project is performing, landmarks attained and work scheduled for the next period. Risk Management Plan Risk management is an imperative portion of project management. Though often unnoticed, it is significant to recognize as numerous menaces to your venture as probable and be organized if something badly takes place. Some examples of mutual project risks: Time and cost approximations too enthusiastic Customer analysis and opinion phase too slow Unanticipated economical cuts Unclear roles and accountabilities Shareholder input is not required or their needs are not correctly assumed Shareholders varying necessities after the project has on track Shareholders adding new necessities after the project has underway Bad communication ensuing in misinterpretations, quality problems and modify Deficiency of resource assurance Apply project scheduling, estimating and cost control techniques Project Scheduling helps you do the following: They deliver a foundation for you to monitor and control project undertakings. They assist you regulate how best to distribute resources so you can attain the project objective. They support you evaluate how time postponements will influence the project. You can figure out where additional resources are obtainable to assign to other projects. They deliver a root to support you track project development. Cost Estimating Resources for which expenses are estimated include infrastructure, employment, equipment, components, etc. and special class like rise or emergency. If the performing organization does not have properly skilled project cost estimators,after that project team must require to contribute both the possessions and the proficiency to carry out project cost estimating actions. Analogous Estimating Analogous cost estimating means using the real cost of previous or similar projects as the base for estimating the cost of the existing project. Analogous cost estimating This technique is used when there is a inadequate amount of comprehensive information about the project. It uses professional judgment, is less costly and is less precise but cons

Mapp vs. Ohio: Illegal Search and Seizure Essay -- Court Case Mapp Ohi

Mapp vs. Ohio: Illegal Search and Seizure The case of Mapp vs. Ohio is one of the most important Supreme Court decisions of the last century. Until this decision, the rights against illegal search and seizure had no method to be enforced. Up until this time, previous cases at set precedents provided little or no protection from illegal searches and seizures for the accused facing state prosecution. On May 23, 1957, Miss Dollree Mapp heard a knocking at her door (170 Ohio Street). When she asked who it was, three men identified themselves as Cleveland police officers. The officers stated that they believed a fugitive was hiding in her home. Miss Mapp told the officers that there was no one else in her home. They asked her for entrance. Miss Mapp phoned her attorney, and was instructed not to let the police into her home. The police grudgingly left, and set up surveillance around the home. Around three hours later, the police officers returned to Miss Mapp's residence, and was met by four additional officers as well. The officers gave Miss Mapp little time to respond to their presence, and almost immediately forced entry through several of the entrances to Miss Mapp’s home. Miss Mapp's attorney arrived on the scene to provide council, but was met by the police instead. The police held him outside, preventing him from meeting with his client. When Miss Mapp was confronted by the officers, she demanded to see the search warrant. An officer held up a piece of paper, which is believed to be a fake warrant. Miss Mapp grabbed the paper, and put it down her blouse. The police then forcibly tried to retrieve the "warrant" from Miss Mapp's blouse. They handcuffed her for being "belligerent". The police then proceeded to search every room in the entire house. In the basement, they found a trunk, which they opened. Inside they found materials that they considered to be â€Å"obscene†. They retrieved all the materials, and charged her with the possession of obscene material (Ohio Rev. Code, 2905.34: "No person shall knowingly . . . have in his possession or under his control an obscene, lewd, or lascivious book, magazine, pamphlet, paper, writing, advertisement, circular, print, picture . . . or drawing . . . of an indecent or immoral nature . . . . Whoever violates this section shall be fined not less than two hundred nor more than two tho... ...ow meant that citizens had different rights depending on what state they lived in. This allowed another way for prosecutors to abuse the system. They could attempt to get cases to be heard in states which did not have an exclusionary rule adopted. By applying the federal exclusionary rule to all the states, all citizens would be equally protected. While a controversial decision at the time, the creation of the exclusionary rule is now one of the backbones of the accused rights in American society. As a review, Mapp's rights were clearly violated by the Police department and by the State of Ohio. Had it not been for the Supreme Court to enforce her constitutional rights, her conviction would have gone unjust. Theres many arguments between the prosecutors, police, and defense about the Mapps case. Views such as "how is the police department supposed to stop crime if they cant search it out and find it with the disability the fourth amendment brings to them". How can defense attourneys defend subjects/victims if they have no privacy due to the lack of support on the fourth amendment. The Mapps case is a perfect example of how the Supreme Court impacts our society.

Essay --

Not one single theory or school of thought embraces every view of human crisis or all the models or systems of crisis intervention (Janosik, 1984). An interview, directed by the student, provides a short-term overview of the interviewee’s viewpoints relevant to crisis planning and intervention. As an counseling in preparation I decided to interview Mrs. Tosha Wearing. She is a guidance counselor at Green Sea Head Start School in Green Sea, South Carolina. She administers the Green Sea School Counseling Program, which is designed to be comprehensive and developmental, with an emphasis on prevention. This includes large group guidance, small group and individual counseling, and consultation with staff, parents and community. Mrs. Wearing is a trained professional with a Masters' in Guidance and Counseling. She provides activities to enhance students' academic progress by addressing issues such as conflict resolution, interpersonal relationships, study skills, and self-esteem. Sh e also teaches the skills needed for coping in our fast-paced and ever-changing world. As the interview was being conducted, the school’s crisis manual was on hand and occasionally referred to once needed. Green Sea Head Start crisis team involves of several knowledgeable staff members and teachers. Precisely, the team is represented by administrators (head and assistant), the school guidance counselor, school psychologist and social worker, and every age level team leader. Mrs. Wearing clearly explained that the team works collected as a consistent unit to join and be a direct link out to the rest of the school. She also defined the crisis team as a problem-solving entity among the school. Consequently, there were no different symptoms that each member has a... ... safety and security measures being taken. A systematic procedure for dealing with a crisis, of any magnitude, should be established and should ensure all personnel have a clear understanding about every detail; including the who, the what, the when, and follow-up actions. The interview the learner conducted with the Counslor of Green Sea Head Start School served as an opportunity to discuss specific aspects of the school crisis plan. Furthermore, the learner gained information about the crisis team and the strengths and weaknesses of the current crisis plan. Overall, although no one crisis plan will guarantee that tragedies won’t take place, but a developed approach holds promise that the situation will be handled in the most cooperative way imagined. No school should be without a crisis plan and a well-trained crisis response team (James, 2013).

Meaning of life †Evolution Essay

Everyone wonders about the meaning and purpose of life. What is our origin: evolution or creation? Should we seek material wealth, pleasure, and education, or are we here to serve and honor God? Will we be judged for our lives and face eternal destinies in heaven or hell? Please consider the answers that can be found only in the Bible. Introduction: What is the meaning of life? Without doubt, this is one of the most challenging, and yet one of the most fundamental, questions the mind can consider. People throughout history have pondered the purpose of life. Philosophers spin theories. Poets write songs. Young people drop out of society to â€Å"find out what it’s all about. † Older people may remain within the â€Å"establishment,† but they still wonder. Obviously life is real. No one can deny that the world exists and people exist. You live, eat, sleep, breathe, and move. But do you understand why you exist? Please consider with me the challenging question of life. What is it really all about? To answer this question, we will look at three specific questions. Question #1: Where Did You Come From? How do you explain the origin of the human race? Since we are alive, it is natural to wonder where we came from. One reason many people are confused about the meaning of life is that they do not understand the origin of life. To know why we are here, we must know where we came from. Many People Hold Mistaken Ideas about the Origin of Life. A commonly accepted explanation for the origin of life is organic evolution – the hypothesis that man evolved from â€Å"lower animals,† which in turn came from simpler life forms, all the way back to the first microscopic life, which sprang accidentally from non-living matter. But this theory has major problems. Where did the first living thing come from? What caused life to begin where there had never been life before? Science has repeatedly demonstrated that life comes only from life. This is a law of science called the â€Å"Law of Biogenesis. † The opposite of this law would be spontaneous generation – life beginning spontaneously from non-living matter. But science has repeatedly proved this cannot happen. So every living thing must come from a previous living thing. You received life from your parents, who in turn received it from their parents, etc. The same is true for all living things. But evolution requires that, when you go back far enough, non-living matter somehow came to life by chance where there was no life before. Evolution requires spontaneous generation in complete violation of scientific evidence. So evolution cannot explain even the origin of the very first form of life. Where is the evidence that all modern kinds of living things came from an original kind? Living things can adapt to their environment, but where is the proof they can develop into entirely different kinds of organisms such that all kinds came from one original kind? Years of human experience and scientific experimentation confirm that living things reproduce â€Å"after their own kind. † The offspring of a fish is another fish, not a snake, bird, or man. Scientists have searched for years for the â€Å"missing links† – fossils of organisms that were halfway between the kinds of plants or animals we have now. Millions of fossils have been found around the world. If evolution is true, there should be thousands of fossils of missing links, but there is no evidence of these remains anywhere. Why not? Why is man so unique from animals? If man evolved from animals and is really an animal but just slightly more complex, why do we have characteristics so vastly different from animals? Why do people appreciate beauty in art, music, and poetry? Do animals create new paintings, sculptures, symphonies, and books of poetry that they and other animals can enjoy? Why do men have a conscience and a sense of morals? Why do we feel guilty when we have done wrong, even when we have not been caught or punished? Do animals naturally possess these spiritual qualities? Why do only people wonder about such issues as where we came from? Do animals debate even such issues as creation vs. evolution? Why do we possess rational thought so much higher than animals? We can find minute variations in degrees of â€Å"intelligence† among animals, but there is a vast gulf between any animal and man. Men build machines and tools to work for us, train animals, use fire, perform mathematic and scientific calculations, read and write, and pass our knowledge on to others. If we developed from the animals, why are there no animals that possess these characteristics almost as much as we do? If we develop from the animals, why are we so different from them? Evolution is not an adequate explanation. Consider the Bible Explanation for the Origin of Life. Genesis 1:11,12,21-28. All kinds of life were originally created by God in six days. God is an eternal, living, all-wise, all-powerful Creator (cf. Exodus 20:11; Hebrews 4:4). Instead of life coming from non-living matter, life came from life – the eternally living God. Living things reproduce after their own kind, because God created them that way. And man is unlike the animals, because he is â€Å"in the image of God. † We did not evolve from animals, but we share God’s nature. Acts 17:24,25,28 The world and everything in it were made by God. He is the source of life and gives all the blessings that are necessary to life. Here is an explanation for the origin of life that fits what we see around us, fits the nature of man as compared to animals, and we will see that it provides a satisfying explanation for the meaning to life. There is sufficient evidence to compel any honest person to believe God exists and the Bible is His word. We do not have time here to examine all the evidence, but we encourage those who have doubts to investigate it. We simply observe that the Bible explanation makes far more sense than any other alternative, and that those who do not accept the Bible really cannot satisfactorily explain their own existence! If you would like to study evidence for the inspiration of Scripture or for creation vs. evolution, please see the links at the end of this study. Question #2: Why Are You Here? Do you really understand why you exist? Surely this is a fundamental question that everyone wants answered. Without meaningful goals, life is senseless and empty. Lack of purpose leads to unhappiness and even mental disorders. People need a sense of fulfillment and accomplishment in life. Many People Are Mistaken about the Purpose of Life. This is one consequence of evolution. If organic evolution is true, then there is no purpose in life. Life is an accident, and people search in vain for any meaning to it. So, many conclude that there is no higher purpose than to make life enjoyable for themselves and others. Some pursue riches and material possessions. They believe material things will make life happy and pleasant. But then they always want more: a bigger house, newer car, nicer clothes and furniture, etc. They are never satisfied. All people need some material goods, but is this the highest goal of life? Some pursue pleasure: entertainment, recreation, travel, etc. Their goal in life is â€Å"fun, fun, fun. † â€Å"Wine, women, and song† (or â€Å"drugs, alcohol, and free love†). â€Å"Be a party animal. † â€Å"Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die. † This philosophy is emphasized by modern entertainment. It is the beer-commercial mentality: â€Å"You only go around once, so reach for all the gusto you can. † â€Å"It doesn’t get any better than this! † One of them even names its beer â€Å"High Life. † But does life really not have any better purpose than to booze it up? Many modern entertainers have achieved â€Å"the high life† to the ultimate, but are they happy? If so, why are so many of them plagued by drug and alcohol addiction, divorce, mental breakdowns, early deaths, and suicide? Is that really a satisfying life? Some pursue education. They want to accumulate knowledge and worldly wisdom. Like the Athenians, they spend their time in nothing else than to hear or tell some new thing. In all these areas, there may be some wholesome activities that may have some benefit. But is there really no higher goal in life than these? Whatever benefits they activities provide are temporary and incomplete at best. No matter how much you have, you always want more. In fact, modern Americans have achieved these goals to a degree beyond the imagination of most people of the world and of history. We have gadgets and toys, houses and lands, college degrees, and every kind of entertainment imaginable. But do you see evidence that Americans in general are truly satisfied with life? Society is filled with crime, broken relationships, mental illness, addiction, and unhappiness. Politicians profess to see â€Å"crises† on every hand. Many people in the world never achieve these goals. And those who do achieve them are still looking for the purpose of life. There must be something more. The Bible Teaches the True Purpose of Life Ecclesiastes 2:1-11; 12:13,14. The author experienced every enjoyment of life that some people pursue: wealth, pleasure, and education as great as anyone who ever lived. Did it satisfy? What was his conclusion? It was all â€Å"vanity and vexation of spirit† (2:11). The earthly pursuits that most people emphasize simply do not satisfy in the end. What is the real purpose of life? â€Å"Fear God and keep His commands† (12:13). God created man, because He had a purpose for us to accomplish. And He designed us so that, unless we fulfill that purpose, we have no real sense of accomplishment. Instead we create problems for ourselves. What would happen if you tried to bake lasagna in the clothes dryer? What if you tried to run your car on Jell-O instead of gasoline? What if you tried to eat with a shovel and pitchfork instead of spoon and fork? What if you tried to mow your lawn with fingernail clippers? Problems often result when things are created for one purpose, but we try to use them for a completely different purpose. Likewise, our lives are not satisfactory when we do not accomplish the purpose we were created for. Matthew 6:19-21,24,33 Our main concern in life must be to work in God’s kingdom and have a right relationship with Him. Other concerns may have some value but are far less important. Note v24. You can have only one master. You cannot put two things in first place in your life. God requires that serving Him must be the most important thing in life to us. Each of us must make a choice. Either God will be first, or something else will be first. Matthew 22:36-39 The most important work God intends for us to accomplish life is to love God and love our fellowman. John 14:15 – But love for God requires us to obey Him (1 John 5:2,3). 1 Corinthians 14:37 – God’s commands are revealed in the Bible. Lasting fulfillment in life comes only from obeying God’s word and thereby serving God and man. We will not discuss here all that is involved in serving God, but we simply emphasize the importance of understanding our purpose in life. Until you understand the teaching of the Bible, you do not really understand the purpose of life. (See also 1 Timothy 6:6-10; Luke 12:15-21. ) III. Question #3: Where Are You Going? Do you understand what comes after death? You may or may not feel that your life on earth is secure, but what happens when you die? What will your destiny be when life is over? Many People Are Confused or Unsure about What Comes after Death. We can be certain that death is coming. We may not like it, but death is a fact of life. * Sometimes people contract cancer or heart disease that is diagnosed as terminal. But, â€Å"Life is a terminal disease. † No one stays here permanently. * Criminals are sometimes given a death sentence for their crimes. But we all live under a death sentence! * In college a hippie type roomed in the same house I did. He subscribed to Time magazine, and one day when the mail came we kidded him saying, â€Å"Your Time has come! † He became upset. But sooner or later, for every one of us, â€Å"Your time will come. † Death is uncertain only in that we do not know when or how it will come. But there can be no doubt that it will come. Death is sad and fearful for many because they do not know what lies beyond. Or worse yet, they do know and are not ready to face it! Sooner or later, we all must face death. What then? Science does not even try to answer this question! Philosophers or religious leaders sometimes speculate that we cease to exist at death or that we will be reincarnated. But they have no proof. Here is another major question of life for which, apart from the Bible, you cannot know the real answer. The Bible Tells Us What Follows Death. Hebrews 9:27 – It is appointed to man once to die, then comes the judgment. Jesus may come before we die; but if we die first, we will be raised from the dead when He returns. Either way, we will face God and be judged for our lives, good or bad. Someday, God will hold every one of us accountable for whether or not we have accomplished the purpose for which He created us. [John 5:28,29; Ecclesiastes 12:14; 2 Corinthians 5:10] Matthew 25:31-46 – At judgment, the righteous will inherit the kingdom prepared for them by God (v34). This is eternal life (v46). The wicked will go into eternal fire (v41). This is eternal punishment (v46). Romans 2:6-11 – What determines the reward we receive? Our works. We receive wrath if we work evil and do not obey truth. We receive eternal life if we continue to work good. Our eternal destiny depends on whether or not we accomplish our Maker’s purpose! You may ask, â€Å"How do you know we don’t cease to exist after death? How do you know we won’t be reincarnated? How do you know we will be raised and judged? † Acts 17:30,31 – We can know what comes after death because Someone has already died and come back to tell us what comes after death. In fact, He will be the One to judge our lives! [1 Cor. chap. 15] The resurrection of Jesus, the miracles of the Bible, and the fulfilled prophecy of Scripture are the proofs that the Bible is from God. If the Bible is from God, then we can be sure it tells us the origin and purpose of life and our destiny after life. Conclusion Since you will be judged for whether or not you have accomplished your Maker’s purpose, please consider further: How can you receive eternal life? Romans 3:23 – The problem we all have is that at times we have failed to do the Creator’s will. We are all guilty of sin (1 John 1:8,10). What can be done about that? The good news is that Jesus came and died to forgive your sins (Romans 5:6-10; 6:23; John 3:16). To receive this forgiveness, you must be willing to live the rest of your life in His service – â€Å"Repent. † Acts 2:28; 22:16 – If you come to Christ believing in Him, confessing Him, and being baptized, He will forgive you and make you a new creature so you can have eternal life (Romans 6:3,4; Mark 16:16; 2 Corinthians 5:17; 1 Corinthians 15:58). Why continue life without investigating God’s way for your life? Suppose you are about to buy a house, but a friend promises you that he knows that house and it is in terrible shape in ways that are not obvious. Suppose he assures you that you are about to pay thousands of dollars more than the house was worth. Would you ignore the friend’s advice, or would you investigate? In a similar way, we are advising you in love that living life apart from obedience to God may seem pleasurable and attractive, but in the end it will lead to catastrophe. Surely you need to investigate before it is too late! Someday you will wish you had lived your life for God. If you are not living it for Him now, we urge you to find out what His will requires of you. If you already know, we urge you to obey while you have opportunity. The Bible has the answer to the most important questions of life. There is no need to go through life wondering â€Å"what it is all about. † Why not find out and begin to live according to the purpose for which you were made? Note: If you would like to study further about life after death, eternal destinies or other related Bible topics, we have a number of other study materials on our web site that should interest you.

Moving to a New Country

Moving to a foreign country might sound like a big adventure. One of the things that will happen when you go to a new place (even on vacation) is that you compare everything to how it’s back home. This means that you will compare food, quality of life, weather, people’s habits, beliefs, and ever thing between. Subsequently, moving to a foreign country is big terrible for some people, and it could be normal for others. Through my experience, when you decide to move to a new country or new place. you have to start with first step. Do not spend too much time thinking. For example; if you decides to move to Canada to complete your studies, get your first step by doing the Canadian visa. In addition, keep your personal and your family life separate. For example, do not stay in your back home because your personal’s life or your family. The goal of this point is don’t spend much time thinking, and that will help you to achieve your goal. Secondly, moving to a new country might be difficult especially when they don’t speak your native language, then you be stressed out. In addition to that, learning a new language could takes a long time so that you can understand their culture. For instance, when you move from Korea to Canada you will see new language and new culture. So, try to make your life there funny by going with your friends and that will make your time run quickly. Next, adapting with a new country or a new culture might takes a long time. Moreover, you need to learn every day about this new culture by talking and making friends. Also, try to going walk in your new city, and see their people, or try to have fun with your new friends. As an example, do not move to a new city to staying in your house that will make you feel boring. By following these steps you will feel you are in your back home and not expatriate. In conclusion, Moving to a new country could be difficult for some people and easy for some. You can find that easy by following some steps that will help you such as, speaking their language, adapting with their culture, and try making friends. I hope everyone adapts with his/her new life.