The Influence Of Civil War - Free Essay Example

As of today the United States remains the most dominate country for a variety of reasons. We have been involved in a handful events on our own soil and also across the world. Those events range from the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, to the Korean War and beyond. Each of these events have had an effect on the Country in many ways. However there is one war in particular that I wish to discuss, and that war is the Civil War. Being an African American this war caught my interest the most, as the constitution was amended to free slaves after the war. The War opened eyes to many things as you will find some key ones in my paper, such as diseases in war, womens role in the war and the influence on medicine practices. When we think of war we think of winner and loser and the ones that lose normally surrender or die to the hands of opposition. With plenty of research from my sources that you will find at the end of this paper, I found that many deaths came from something else. That something else were the diseases that began to emerge throughout the four long year war. According to one of my sources titled This Place of Death: Environment as weapon in the American Civil war, Environment was central to the understanding of disease causation in the American Civil War. This source provided me with a variety of reasons of how health and diseases played as key factors In the midcenturys as new diseases were emerging those around the world who specialized in the medical field all deemed to have the answers. It was said that To my understanding if something began to emerge where it was uncommon, no one had the answer. This article proved me to be right as it was said a theory wasnt developed until late 19th century. The theory was that microbe A causes disease A, and travels from person to person through air, water or insect vector. Sadly the theory classified as Germ theory came a little late as the war had already begun (mid-19th century). However one thing that was a definite answer was the condition of environment throughout the war was a problem. This war was lethal as well over 600,000 people were killed. That wasnt done without damaging the environment. The chemicals from explosives contaminated waters and destroyed land. That opened up the door for diseases to spread like wild fires. Unbearable conditions opened the door for diseases soldiers became sick and open to diseases like, small pox, malaria, measles and other diseases. Luckily according to the article and further research a physician by the name of Edward Jenner had been practicing Vaccines to prevent/limit smallpox. However they didnt have as many vaccinations, doctors, and resources back then as we do now. Staring at pictures of camps and hospitals, the conditions seemed unsanitary. The sites were not only dirty, but they also seemed over capacity. With an unreasonable ratio of patients to doctors more lives were lost and more diseases spread. In most pictures trees were chopped down, I would assume that they were for warmth and shelter. Explosions also played a role as mentioned earlier in my paper. This in conclusion destroyed the homes of animals who normally feasted on insects that helped spread diseases, thus allowing the death toll to spike. With all of this going on this allowed physicians like Edward to figure out ways to tackle the numerous diseases like never before. With that said sadly the tragic events through this war proved to be almost like an influence. In my next source by Thomas G. Cropley of disease management he seemed to agree. The article as stated on the first page discusses the story of how physicians and nurses of the time approached a number of cutaneous diseases of importance in the military. A different war known as the Crimean War experienced something similar. According to the article the British came up with something known as Royal Sanitary Commission. This was a model that strongly helped with health provision throughout the country as a whole. Its interesting as it happened shortly before the Civil war. With that said to no surprise Cropley went on to discuss how the United States went on to mock their own model after it, (United States Sanitary Commission).

How to Conjugate the Verb Uscire in Italian

Rudy s Speech Bullying Rudy - 957 Words

Rudy hated to go home with his left bleeding and his right eye almost closed. He wished that his mother were home waiting for him at the kitchen counter, wearing her yellow daffodil pin and never getting angry with him. The way he looked was the result of the many bullies at his school, they seemed to hate him for no reason. He knew that this would be a never ending tradition. Rudy was walking to school and was thinking what problems he could possibly encounter today. On the top of the list were his fellow bullies. He tried to be prepared every single day, but was never able to outwit them. He entered the school quickly and hurried to his locker. Immediately he was surrounded by the bullies. â€Å"Oh no!† Rudy thought. â€Å"Hey loser.† said Bob, one of the bullies. â€Å"Hey guys†¦what’s up?† Rudy stammered nervously. â€Å"Oh you know, nothing much.† Bob replied. Bob has been bullying Rudy since 1st grade, and now the kids are in 8th. â€Å"Cool...I guess.† Rudy mumbled. â€Å"Enough chit-chat.† snapped Bob. â€Å"You know what’s going to happen now, right little boy?† â€Å"Ummmmm...yes?† Rudy was suddenly jumped on. Kicked and beaten to the the ground, he lay still on the floor. The boys left him there alone. One of the school’s teachers walked down the hall and saw Rudy on the ground. â€Å"RUDY! What happened? Who did this to you?† He screamed. â€Å"I don’t know, they came from behind.† He didn’t tell his teacher who had beaten him up because he knew that if Bob got in trouble, he would hunt Rudy down. Rudy wasShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Teen Suicide4465 Words   |  18 Pagesmarriage and parenthood, and simultaneously managing academic goals, extracurricular activities, and occupational preparations are all psychological and social demands placed on the adolescent. These demands, along with additional factors, such as bullying, drug use/domestic substance abuse, domestic violence, divorce of parents, rape/sexual assault, loss of a loved one, heartbreak, low socioeconomic status, health problems, race, ethnicity, struggles with self-identification, and other traumatic experiencesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited r eproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pagesneed, especially in , supply disruptions, nat ural disasters, and unstable regimes? True global energy sec urity will be a result of cooperation and engage ment, not isolationism When investment and . expertise are allowed to flow freely across border s, the engine of innovation is ignited, prosperity is fueled and the energy available to everyone inc reases. At the same tim balancing the needs of e, producers and consum ers is as crucial as increa sing supply and curbin g demand. Only then wil l the

Analysis Of The Article Why Hominids And Space Go...

Manned spaceflight is a crucial argument in society. Two writers, Seth Shostak and John Logsdon, both believe that America is making a mistake by ending manned space exploration. Seth Shostak is the author of the article â€Å"Why Hominids and Space Go Together† in The New York Times Room for Debate; his article is about how President Obama’s new vision for the NASA program is not a good plan. John Logsdon also wrote an article for The New York Times Room for Debate called â€Å"American Patrimony.† His article is more focused on how it will be a loss of patriotism to end manned spaceflight in the United States. Both Shostak and Logsdon agree that manned space travel should continue, but Shostak’s rhetoric is more effective because his argument is well organized and credible, he ties in his readers’ emotions efficiently, and he logically explains his beliefs. In Shostak’s article he portrays himself as a credible source, which makes his ethos appeal successful. Shostak makes many attempts to make his article trustworthy, some of which actually diminish his ethos. One way the writer seeks to obtain credibility is through the structure of the article. He arranged his piece in a very organized way that states the points thoroughly and with confidence, which portrays him as a knowledgeable source. Another way he gains credibility is through the language and dialect he incorporates. He includes words such as â€Å"autonomous rovers† and â€Å"anachronism† which indicates his piece is aimed at anShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesuncontrolled urban growth, and the dissolution of extended family ties in many societies divided nations and communities and isolated individuals to an extent unparalleled in recorded human history. For teachers, in particular, the challenge of weaving together in meaningful ways the seemingly disparate strands of global history in the twentieth century has often led to its neglect. The fact that the most recent phase of the human experience is usually covered only at the end of a multiterm sequence

Essay on The Solution to the Immoral, Unwinnable War on...

A new report indicates that the economic cost of lost productivity from drug-related incarcerations is considerably higher than the cost associated with drug use. The Prime Minister of your country is weighing the option of proposing new legislation which experiments with models of legal regulation of certain illicit drugs, including the decriminalization of marijuana possession. The proposed policy has received sharp criticism from members of the law enforcement, as well as groups of parents and other constituencies who believe that the government should pursue the goal of a â€Å"drug-free† society. The solution to the immoral, unwinnable war on drugs Key recommendations: †¢ All currently illegal drugs should be decriminalised. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Despite the safety risks, the popularity of these research chemicals remains high, due in part to fear of prosecution if caught with illegal substances. Some illegal drugs provide health benefits that are currently unavailable to most, purely because of their continued illegality. Sativex – the cannabinoid medicine which is most frequently used to help spasticity due to multiple sclerosis – is an example of this. Medical marijuana is common in the USA and Canada for conditions such as crohns disease, whereas in the UK the continued blanket ban on forms of cannabis that arent GW Pharmaceuticals Sativex means that costs are too high for it to be used to help sufferers (Erhorn, 2010). Decriminalization would be a solution to all these problems, and more. Decriminalization: Why this is the route our nation must take. Economically intelligent: There is no doubt that decriminalising drugs would be an economically smart move for the United Kingdom to take. With each prisoner having been shown to cost the taxpayer  £40,000 on average (Marsh, 2009), the fact that decriminalising drugs has been shown to reduce the prison population greatly (Hughes and Stevens, 2007) should not be ignored. It would also remove the issue of lost productivity from drug-related incarcerations, as highlighted in the new report you have been privy to.

Policing and Police Powers-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Can infringements of an individuals Human Rights ever be justified in the fight against crime, particularly terrorism? Critically discuss with reference to police powers. Answer: Introduction Human rights, a term which is used in a very common manner, so much so, that it has lost its sheen and the impact with which it should be weighted. In literal sense, human rights are the rights which every human being should be provided in the very basic sense, and included in this is the right to not be harassed, tortured and be given fair chances of living with their own freedom; basically covering the right to live and the right to freedom in doing a number of things, including practising religion (Davis, 2016). However, in the midst of the global turmoil, where terrorism is growing rampant and is causing a threat to the human rights of thousands across borders, initiatives have to be taken to safeguard the human rights and put stop to such terrorist activities, especially by the police force. Ironically, this often includes putting down the very human rights, which are supposed to be protected by the police, when dealing with the threat of terrorism, and in their fight against cr ime, they infringe upon these very human rights of the individuals (Foster, 2016). This discussion is focused upon these infringements and would also attempt to justify such actions. Critical Analysis The incidents like September 11, the home-grown terrorist attacks in London, and the recent terrorist activities in Paris are just few examples of the increasing terrorist activities in the leading parts of the world, where terrorist activities were none till a few years back. Such incidents result in the right of a person to live in a safe manner being infringed. This requires steps to be taken by the law enforcement agencies towards national security and in doing so there is a need to strike the right balance between the human rights and national security (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2006). Terrorism is politically and ideologically motivates assaults over the democratic freedoms and rights, which are given to the individuals and which are held dearly by everyone. An important strategy in this regard, for the purpose of countering the extremism through which the terrorism is bred, for winning the contest of ideas, is by defending the fundamental freedoms and human rights in a rigorous manner, which form the foundation of democracy and dignity and makes the societies worth protecting (Combs, 2017). It is important to stop the activities of terrorists before they begin at the smaller levels, for which the law enforcement officials, particularly the police have been given different powers. They can use these powers in cases which they deem fit, for protecting the general public, in terms of their live and dignity (Freeman, 2017). As on March 31st, 2016, there were 255 terrorism related arrests in UK, where 37 of these arrests led to prosecutions, as per the statistics provided by Home Office. In 2015, 128 extremist prisoners and terrorists were released from custody. The Terrorism Act 2000, under section 43 provides that the police can stop and search any person in case they have reasonable suspicion regarding the involvement of such individual in terrorist activities. Though, the exact number of stop and searches which were carried out based on this section is not known, since the police do not separate the stop and search made under this section, from the same powers given under other legislations. Met does hold this data where they have stated that 541 individuals had been searched under this act in the period of twelve months to March 2016, which was a 32% hike in comparison to the last year. The police can also search the suspects due to the power held by them, even when the suspicion regarding terrorist activities link lacks. The reasonable grounds restrictions was placed back in 2012 May, to curb the unnecessary harassment to the individuals, owing to the bias or prejudice of the policemen, which infringes the basic human rights (BBC, 2017). The preset powers of the police under the Terrorism Act allow them to hold any person in detention for a period of 14 days without even charging them. The laws were changed back in 2006 to increase this period to 28 days and only six suspects till date had been held for this long. In 2011, the provisions for 14 days were reinstated. From 2011 to March 2016, forty six individuals were detained using this power and only twenty five of these individuals were charged. The longest period for which an individual was held was thirteen days and this happened thrice a year. The reason why these arrests become a controversial issue is that an individual can be arrested merely on the suspicion of the police officers. The basis of this suspicion could very well stem from their personal bias, or the pre conceived notions. For instance, individuals of Muslim communities have to face such bias often, where due to the Islamic radical groups like ISIS, a lot of hatred is stemmed towards people from Muslim communities. In this regard, even the people of other communities have to face difficulties. For instance, Sikhs are often discriminated against and are called terrorist, due to the similarities between Muslims and Sikhs in wearing turbans and having long beards (Heath and Demireva, 2014). Such notions result in bias from the police force also, where the power of stop and search is used. When such happens, a number of basic human rights are infringed, which includes the right to be free from torture, right to life, and freedom of thought, conscience and religi on (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2017). The problem here is that the purpose of such legislative frameworks, in giving power to the police is to protect the individuals and their right to live, their right to be free from torture, and their right to love freely. But in order to uphold these rights, they breach these rights in a different way. This means that the only choice left with the general public is to choose between terrorists or the police force, for the purpose of their rights being infringed. Even though the latter may prove attractive due to the deaths associated with terrorist activities, but the harassment suffered at the hands of police, in regular manners, and being detained for two weeks without being given a proper reason for the same, becomes equally, if not more torturous. Being stopped in public and being questioned by the police becomes a very unsettling experience for the majority of individuals. Till the time the police officers perform their jobs in a proper manner, the rights of any suspect are not violated. This is the reason why the police officers are given immunity from lawsuits where they perform their jobs in a proper manner, and till the time a wilful or unreasonable conduct is established (Find Law, 2017). The critics of the terrorism related acts and that of the powers of police regarding investigation and surveillance argue that the counter-terrorism legislations are over the board in a dangerous manner and these affect a huge number of individuals, particularly the ethnic minority groups and the peaceful protestors, which undermines the fundamental human rights and civil liberties. The worst of the counter-terrorism laws which have been passed since the year 2000 have been cited as an example of this atrocity. Included in these are the indefinite detention without charging the foreign nations when they are suspected of being involved in terrorism; the 14 day detention without charge, which is the longest period in comparison to other democracies; the unfair and the unsafe control orders which impose intrusive, as well as, severe prohibitions, and include indefinite house arrests for a period of up to sixteen hours in a day without being charged, let alone being convicted; and the no w repealed section 44 which allowed for stop and search without suspicion (Liberty, 2017). There are number of other concerns which have been raised in this regard. There is dangerously, a very broad definition given to the term terrorism, which becomes applicable on the actions which are taken for advancing any ideological, racial, political or religious cause, designed for influencing international organization or the government of any nation or intimidating the members of public across the globe. A number of offences are linked to terrorism, which means that huger numbers of individuals are potentially criminalised. This definition is stretched to the actions which are designed for seriously disrupting the electronic system. The other problem relates to the broad new speech offences in which the encouragement of terrorism is included. This includes making such statements through which the terrorist acts are glorified. Even when the person making such statement does not have the intention of encouraging terrorism, it would be deemed as an offence. So, even when people sp eak out against repressive regimes across the world, the broad definition of terrorism would criminalise them. Deeming these as offences has a serious potential of infringement of free speech rights (Liberty, 2017). There is also the issue where photographing something which can be used for a person preparing for an act of terrorism is deemed as an offence. As a result of this, a number of professional and tourist photographers are stopped from taking the photos of police officers and even of landmark buildings. There is also a ban on such political organizations which are non-violent, which results in effective state censorship of political views, which puts an end to healthy debates. The police officers also have the power of questioning, detaining and taking DNA at border or port before a person enters or leaves UK, in order to find if such individual is involved in terrorist acts, even without reasonable suspicion. The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 allows the Minister to make emergency regulations where threat of terrorism is present. All these actions infringe upon a number of human rights of individuals (Liberty, 2017). Even though all these items raised valid points, one cannot deny that these powers are needed to be given to the police, so that they can take the necessary measures in stopping any incident from happening, as took place in Paris or London in form of terrorist attacks (Kitching, 2017). The police does not simply use the stop and search for harassing people; they use it as an important tactic which provides them with a means of allaying and confirming suspicious regarding the individuals without exercising their power of arresting. When it is used in a proportionate and appropriate manner, it results in increased community confidence towards police and also makes a positive contribution towards the reduction of fear of crime. The police use a proper manner for using stop and search in order to be lawful and be complaint with human rights. This is the reason why the police make use of Plan B, which stands for proportionality, legality, accountability, necessity and best (Equality and H uman Rights Commission, 2010). Yes, there have been cases where police has used its powers in an excessive manner, which results in infringement of the human rights, but it is necessary to use these measures. These are needed to take timely action to foil the terrorist plans and to protect the lives of thousands. So, even when doing so might infringe upon certain rights, these are needed to ensure that the individuals are alive to enjoy these rights. Conclusion Thus, the previous segments covered the different powers which have been given to the police force, particularly in UK, for saving the general public from the threat of terrorism. The prominent one in this regard is stop and search, which is often cited as a breach of human rights of an individual. However, the pace with which the terrorist activities are rising across the globe, justify the adoption of such power being given to the police. These are necessary for the individuals to have a life. Even though this results in their freedom being put at stake at times, but this is not the case every time, as the police takes special care in following the law properly while carrying on activities like stop and search. Without such powers, the terrorists would continue to play with the life of millions, which cannot be tolerated in any case. References Australian Human Rights Commission. (2006) Reconciling human rights and counter-terrorism a crucial challenge. [Online] Australian Human Rights Commission. Available from: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/reconciling-human-rights-and-counter-terrorism-crucial-challenge [Accessed on: 18/12/17] BBC. (2017) London Bridge attack: What powers do the police have?. [Online] BBC. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2017-40152190 [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Combs, C. C. (2017)Terrorism in the twenty-first century. Oxon: Routledge. Davis, H. (2016)Human Rights Law Directions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Equality and Human Rights Commission. (2010) Stop and think. [Online] Equality and Human Rights Commission. Available from: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/ehrc_stop_and_search_report.pdf [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Find Law. (2017) Police Misconduct and Civil Rights. [Online] Find Law. Available from: https://civilrights.findlaw.com/civil-rights-overview/police-misconduct-and-civil-rights.html [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Foster, S. (2016).Concentrate Questions and Answers Human Rights and Civil Liberties. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Freeman, M. (2017)Human rights. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Heath, A., and Demireva, N. (2014). Has multiculturalism failed in Britain?.Ethnic and Racial Studies,37(1), pp. 161-180. Kitching, C. (2017) Europe hit by three attacks in one day as summer of terror continues in London and France. [Online] Mirror. Available from: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/europe-hit-three-attacks-one-11178674 [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Liberty. (2017) Overview of terrorism legislation. [Online] Liberty. Available from: https://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/countering-terrorism/overview-terrorism-legislation [Accessed on: 18/12/17] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2017) Human Rights, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism. [Online] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/Factsheet32EN.pdf [Accessed on: 18/12/17

Quality and Safety in Health Care for Diagnostic- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theQuality and Safety in Health Care for Patient Diagnostic. Answer: Introduction This is simply defined as an error that occurs when healthcare provider gets the wrong diagnosis. There are instances when this error is not too high whereas other instance very serious (Singh et al., 2013). The diagnostic error can cause major losses like death and sometimes result in total disability. There is a need of collaboration between community mental health service providers and inpatient hospital services providers in offering the most effective service to the patients. At times they will need to involve patients themselves in their day to day treatment to achieve the desired result (Walsh, J., Boyle, 2009). This paper will be focusing on the types of diagnostic errors, factors causing diagnostic errors, measures to reduce these errors by using the literature available and the percentage of people affected. Impatient services are services given to the patient by the hospital directed by the health care professional with a purpose to care and offer treatment of disorders and other diseases (Absulem Hardin, 2010). They include bed and board/hospital facilities, medical social services, therapeutic and counseling services, medical/surgical services and services offered by private-duty nurse or attendant (Chare et al., 2014). Community mental health services is defined as services provided by the government organizations and mental health professionals providing service to a certain selected geographical area. Community mental health services can also be a provision of private or charity organizations. Community mental health services is not limited to it and can also offer day centers, local primary care medical services, supported housing, community mental health centers, and self-help groups for mental health (Sue et al., 1991). There are advantages that accrue from applying community based services for the mental health and the include helping in assessment of needs for particular services and assist in determining where the facilities can sit through use of population indicators (Jorm, 2012). The other benefit may include helping to reverse the trend that forced the patients to be deported from their homes and local areas as formerly happened where institution were meant for very large catchment. And also it provides with a platform at which general adults mental health can be determined. Types of diagnostic errors in medicine The wrong diagnosis also known as misdiagnosis occurs when a doctor identifies the wrong illness in a patient. For instance, a doctor could diagnose a patient with HIV/AIDs when the patient is HIV/AIDs free (Singh, et al., 2013). Missed diagnosis is another diagnostic error and is a situation where a doctor gives a clean bill of health whereas the patient is, in fact, ill. The other error is Delayed misdiagnosis which is very common in diagnostic errors and happens where the doctor identifies the right illness but after a long time (Bradford et al., 2009). Failure to diagnose an unrelated disease is the other case and is where a doctor will identify a disease and fail to diagnose unrelated illness. Failure to diagnose a related disease is also experienced and this is where the doctor identifies the right disease or illness but fails to diagnose the secondly related disease which could be the cause of the other disease or result from it. The magnitude of diagnostic error It is the goal of medical practitioners in both community and hospitals to provide the best treatments to the patients whenever they are unwell through safe and high-quality care, but at times people, unfortunately, get harmed. A lot has been done and continues to be done to understand this global challenge (unsafe health care) causes implications and how to fix it. According to a study that was done in a high- income country, it was found that a 5% of adults who are in outpatient settings experience diagnostic errors, half of which had very serious harm. It is shown that common diagnostic errors were found in patients with acute renal failure 5%, pneumonia 7%, Cancer 5%, decompensate congestive heart failure 5% and urinary tract infection at 5%. Children are at the greatest risks of misdiagnosis since the only few amounts of research in existence is nearly limited to adults patients. There are over 12 million Americans who suffer and experience misdiagnosis and it is estimated that almost everyone will experience misdiagnosis in their lifetime, some of which would result in high consequences. This is in accordance with a 2014 based study. It was found that one out of 20 outpatients had either been given the wrong information on the cause of their illness, treated for diseases they did not have or experienced delayed treatment. Unlike healthy adults who can tell when they are sick, children have bigger challenges telling when they are sick or what they are feeling. There is also an issue of incorrect prescription which results from poor handwriting, confusion of drugs with similar names, inappropriate abbreviations, misuse of decimal points, zeros etc. In the U.S alone, a 1999 report published by the Institute of Medicine termed To Err Is Human shocked communities of medical practitioners by reporting that 98,000 people die as a result of mistakes in hospitals. A number of medical practitioners opposed the report but now they are accepting it gradually (Sue et al., 1991). The leading type of paid medical malpractices claims is diagnostic errors and it is nearly double in the deaths of individuals in comparison to other claims. At times harm does not occur as a result of diagnostic errors especially when the patients symptoms resolve even with the wrong diagnosis. However, errors can cause harm because of delayed appropriate treatment, treatment of wrong illness, prevent appropriate treatment, and on many occasions resulting in the psychological and financial burden. Diagnostic errors There is no single formula applicable and that can reduce the diagnostic errors and achieved the desired changes. Multiple steps to improve the mess have to be sought and require significant commitment according to a committees conclusion. Factors causing diagnostic errors Patients failure to provide accurate medical history, or family failing to clearly provide a history of a patient with cognitive dysfunction. Lack of knowledge to seek urgent care from health providers. Inaccurate physician examination of the problem. Health care providers lack of knowledge of the relevant condition, among others. Lack of adequate communication and collaboration between clinicians, patients as well as their families. Poor design of health care system that supports diagnostic process. Some cultures that discourage transparency and disclosure of diagnostic errors which helps this diagnostic errors to continue Minimizing the patient safety problem The committee came to several conclusions one being a requirement for urgent changes to address the issue of diagnostic error, which is a major challenge in quality health care. Unacceptable numbers of patients of both common and rare diseases continue to suffer from the persistence of diagnostic errors in all sectors, and there is little attention paid on research or health care practice, to the occurrence of diagnostic errors. If this persists every person will have to experience a diagnostic error at least once in their lifetime (McFadden, Henagan, Gowen, 2009). A recent study estimates that adults who seek outpatient services in the U.S, 5% of them have been wrongly diagnosed. 10% of patients deaths according to the researchers Postmortem examination indicate that they are contributed by diagnostic error (Ely, Graber, Croskerry, 2011). Second, Healthcare profession should involve patients and also their families to in educating them on the probable causes of diagnostic error an d the possible ways of improving diagnostic process. This is because patient and their families have the right information on the diagnostic history (Naidu, 2009). Third, Intra and inter-professional collaboration where diagnostic process depending on the patient health problem, various types of healthcare professional can be involved, such as primary care clinicians, nurses, technocrats, therapists, social workers etc. (Vyas et al., 2012).The committee observed that the major contributors to medical errors are inadequate teamwork and communication .Fourth, the use of health information technology (health IT) will help credible diagnostic testing result. Giving patients an opportunity of learning the process of diagnosis as well as creating a chance for patients family inclusion in efforts to improve the process by learning of unexpected outcome was also largely proposed. Patient-centere perspective. It is of great importance to consider diagnostic process as a patient centered perspective because it is the patient who is bears the risk of diagnostic related harm (Shumba, Atukunda, Memiah, 2013). Therefore recognizing patients as the important partners in the diagnostic process and health care system should be unavoidable and need to be encouraged and support their engagement in facilitation of respectful learning from the process. Criteria and quality indicators for best practices of diagnosis Healthcare professionals should involve patients and also their families to in educating them on the probable causes of diagnostic error and the possible ways of improving diagnostic process (Carman et al., 2013). This is very important because the patient to be specific needs to have the knowledge about the probability of an error occurring during diagnosis processes as well as their families since they are also very important in the future especially if the patient would become psychologically affected. By educating the family and the patient appropriate treatment can be done with both parties satisfied, for instance where surgery and anesthesia would be the issue. Education also helps in care decision making of the family and the patients (Graber, 2009). Educating the family and the patient would help enhance the process of administering drugs by the family or the patient; make them aware of the consequences of both choosing outpatient care or inpatient care and the financial implication involved. Education will also help in follow-up care of the patient to meet ongoing health needs or achieve the desired health goals. Nurse-Patient-Family communication The formation of trust and attitude is the core value of communication between the nurse and the patient relationship. It is important to keep the communication going between the patient and the nurse as a way of further information from the patient (Dunsford, 2009). Sometimes patients statements require that a nurse be very keen as they more subtle in order for them to understand the needs of the patients. Using health information technology (health IT). As many people know doctors handwritings may be confusing which poses a need to use health information technology tools to minimize leadership problems. Use of IT in medical clinics improves the quality of healthcare by; providing accurate patients records, allows the doctor to better understand the patients medical history, prevent doctors from over-prescribing medication which could be fatal, reduce over-reliance on patients memory among another benefit (Goldzweig et al., 2009). In the other hand, the patient will have to benefit from better health care such as safety, effectiveness, education, efficiency, equity etc. The recommendable way health caregivers can make their work simpler is by ensuring that the patient gets the right knowledge on the whole procedure of the diagnosis so as to have trust and help them in getting the right and adequate information Sue et al., 1991) Conclusion As we have seen, every person is likely to experience a diagnostic error in their lifetime if the appropriate action is not taken to fight the mess. Diagnostic error is the leading error in medical associated errors and the highest claims paid for. A recent study of postmortem examination has shown that diagnostic errors contribute 10% of patients deaths around the world. Some causes of the error are patients centered and others are machine centered while others are health care givers centered. 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